The present invention relates to a browning-inhibiting composition containing a compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.21, R.sup.22, R.sup.23, R.sup.24, R.sup.26 and R.sup.27 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R.sup.21 or R.sup.23 is a hydrogen atom; when R.sup.23 represents a hydrogen atom, at least one of R.sup.22 or R.sup.24 represents a substituent; R.sup.25 represents a hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a substituent; R.sup.22 and R.sup.23, or R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 may be bonded together to form a ring with an oxygen atom and a carbon atom to which these Rs are bonded; R.sup.25 and R.sup.26, or R.sup.26 and R.sup.27 may be bonded together to form a ring structure with carbon atoms to which these Rs are bonded; X represents an oxygen atom or CH.sub.2; and a dashed line may represent a double bond.

The invention provides compositions comprising a source of protein and a urolithin. The invention also provides uses and methods associated with, or making use of the compositions, such as a medicament, dietary supplement, functional food or medical food and in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a muscle-related pathological condition. The invention also provides kits comprising urolithin and protein.

The invention provides compositions comprising a source of protein and a urolithin. The invention also provides uses and methods associated with, or making use of the compositions, such as a medicament, dietary supplement, functional food or medical food and in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a muscle-related pathological condition. The invention also provides kits comprising urolithin and protein.

This invention relates to compositions, and methods of use thereof, for (i) enhancing executive cognitive function(s) (for example, decision making, planning, working memory, multitasking, judgment, numerical problem-solving, reading comprehension), and/or (ii) increasing blood flow in brain vasculature, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, certain polyphenols such as flavanols, procyanidins, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof.

This invention relates to compositions, and methods of use thereof, for (i) enhancing executive cognitive function(s) (for example, decision making, planning, working memory, multitasking, judgment, numerical problem-solving, reading comprehension), and/or (ii) increasing blood flow in brain vasculature, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, certain polyphenols such as flavanols, procyanidins, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof.

Proteinaceous beverages and compositions comprising a cocoa extract which comprises cocoa polyphenols, an edible acid and a stabilizer and processes for formulating said beverages and compositions, shelf-stable proteinaceous beverages and compositions that do not require refrigeration and/or beverages and compositions wherein the cocoa polyphenols have an extended shelf life.

Proteinaceous beverages and compositions comprising a cocoa extract which comprises cocoa polyphenols, an edible acid and a stabilizer and processes for formulating said beverages and compositions, shelf-stable proteinaceous beverages and compositions that do not require refrigeration and/or beverages and compositions wherein the cocoa polyphenols have an extended shelf life.

Beverages having an improvement in continuity of aftertaste caused by Rebaudioside D (RebD) and Rebaudioside M (RebM) and methods of production thereof. A content (A) of catechin compound(s) in beverages is adjusted to within a certain range, a total content (B) of RebM and/or RebD in beverages is adjusted to within a certain range, and B/A is adjusted to within a certain range.

Beverages having an improvement in continuity of aftertaste caused by Rebaudioside D (RebD) and Rebaudioside M (RebM) and methods of production thereof. A content (A) of catechin compound(s) in beverages is adjusted to within a certain range, a total content (B) of RebM and/or RebD in beverages is adjusted to within a certain range, and B/A is adjusted to within a certain range.

Disclosed are a functionally reinforced desalted nutritional composition, a desalted extract and a cold-water-extracted salt substitute, which are derived from halophytes that grow in coastal regions under highly saline conditions and thus retain high salt concentrations, as well as the use of the desalted nutritional composition for combating obesity. More particularly, this invention relates to a functionally reinforced desalted nutritional composition, a desalted extract and a salt substitute cold-water-extracted from halophytes that inhabit extreme environments of high salinity under high salt stress, the halophytes being desalted through a cold water extraction process at a low temperature based on the difference in water solubility of salts with change in temperature to allow only sodium chloride to be selectively removed, and the composition thus having decreased sodium content as well as having increased content of useful minerals such as potassium, as well as nutrients and physiologically active substances, which are naturally contained in halophytes.