A fine particle detector includes an antenna, an electromagnetic wave generator configured to supply electromagnetic waves to the antenna, an electromagnetic wave detector configured to detect reflected waves of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the antenna, and a controller configured to estimate, based on intensities of the reflected waves detected by the electromagnetic wave detector, an accumulated amount of fine particles.

There is provided an exhaust purification device including a particulate filter configured to collect particulates contained in an exhaust gas, an oxidation catalyst disposed in a front stage of the particulate filter and configured to have a carrier partially or entirely made of a material which absorbs a microwave, a housing in which the particulate filter and the oxidation catalyst are arranged, and a microwave generator configured to generate a microwave to be irradiated onto the oxidation catalyst in a direction to which the exhaust gas flows.

There is provided an exhaust purification device including a particulate filter configured to collect particulates contained in an exhaust gas, an oxidation catalyst disposed in a front stage of the particulate filter and configured to have a carrier partially or entirely made of a material which absorbs a microwave, a housing in which the particulate filter and the oxidation catalyst are arranged, and a microwave generator configured to generate a microwave to be irradiated onto the oxidation catalyst in a direction to which the exhaust gas flows.

A method for increasing a catalytic efficiency of a catalyst, comprising providing a catalyst. Finally, the catalyst is installed into a selective catalytic reduction system of an aftertreatment system configured to reduce constituents of an exhaust gas generated by an engine. The catalyst is soaked in a liquid which consists essentially of one of water or a water-comprising solution. The soaking occurs at least one of before or after installing the catalyst in the selective catalytic reduction system. The catalyst can include a copper zeolite catalyst.

An exhaust purification apparatus includes a microwave irradiation device; a fine particle collection filter that collects fine particles contained in an exhaust gas; and a controller. The microwave irradiation device includes: an annular microwave transmission line; a first microwave generator; a second microwave generator; and a microwave measurement circuit coupled at least one of to the annular microwave transmission line, between the annular microwave transmission line and the first microwave generator, or between the annular microwave transmission line and the second microwave generator. A microwave generated by the first microwave generator and a microwave generated by the second microwave generator have the same frequency and different phases, and the controller determines whether or not a predetermined amount or more of depositions is deposited in the fine particle collection filter, based on the characteristics of a microwave measured by the microwave measurement circuit,

An exhaust purification apparatus includes a microwave irradiation device; a fine particle collection filter that collects fine particles contained in an exhaust gas; and a controller. The microwave irradiation device includes: an annular microwave transmission line; a first microwave generator; a second microwave generator; and a microwave measurement circuit coupled at least one of to the annular microwave transmission line, between the annular microwave transmission line and the first microwave generator, or between the annular microwave transmission line and the second microwave generator. A microwave generated by the first microwave generator and a microwave generated by the second microwave generator have the same frequency and different phases, and the controller determines whether or not a predetermined amount or more of depositions is deposited in the fine particle collection filter, based on the characteristics of a microwave measured by the microwave measurement circuit,

A microwave irradiation device includes a housing capable of accommodating an object to be heated; a plurality of microwave resonators installed around the housing; a microwave conductor coupling the plurality of microwave resonators; a microwave generator configured to generate microwaves having different frequencies; and a microwave measurement circuit coupled to the housing or the microwave conduction unit. Each of the microwave resonators resonates a microwave having a resonance frequency of the microwave resonator generated in the microwave generator and irradiates the object placed in the housing with the resonated microwave, and one microwave resonator among the plurality of microwave resonators and another microwave resonator have different resonance frequencies.

A microwave irradiation device includes a housing capable of accommodating an object to be heated; a plurality of microwave resonators installed around the housing; a microwave conductor coupling the plurality of microwave resonators; a microwave generator configured to generate microwaves having different frequencies; and a microwave measurement circuit coupled to the housing or the microwave conduction unit. Each of the microwave resonators resonates a microwave having a resonance frequency of the microwave resonator generated in the microwave generator and irradiates the object placed in the housing with the resonated microwave, and one microwave resonator among the plurality of microwave resonators and another microwave resonator have different resonance frequencies.

A cooling apparatus includes a first cooling plate, a second cooling plate provided on the first cooling plate, and a controller that performs, in a normal state, control for supplying coolant to the first cooling plate and performs, in a non-normal state other than the normal state, control for supplying the coolant to the first cooling plate and the second cooling plate.

A filter regeneration device includes a microwave radiator configured to radiate a microwave and disposed to be oriented in a direction toward a ceramic filter configured to purify exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the ceramic filter being disposed in a cylindrical portion of a metallic case having the cylindrical portion and having a protruding portion protruding toward an outside of the cylindrical portion of the metallic case, the microwave radiator being disposed inside the protruding portion, and a microwave generator configured to generate the microwave radiated from the microwave radiator toward the ceramic filter.