Methods and systems are provided for addressing engine cold-start emissions while an exhaust catalyst is activated. In one example, a method for improving exhaust emissions may include flowing ionized air into an engine exhaust, downstream of an exhaust catalyst, to oxidize exhaust emissions left untreated by the catalyst. The approach reduces the PM load of the exhaust as well as of a downstream particulate matter filter.

Methods and systems are provided for addressing engine cold-start emissions while an exhaust catalyst is activated. In one example, a method for improving exhaust emissions may include flowing ionized air into an engine exhaust, downstream of an exhaust catalyst, to oxidize exhaust emissions left untreated by the catalyst. The approach reduces the PM load of the exhaust as well as of a downstream particulate matter filter.

A thermal management system for an aftertreatment system includes an air pump and a compressed air rail. The compressed air rail is fluidly connected with the air pump. The thermal management system further includes a first valve located between the compressed air rail and an exhaust outlet pathway. The first valve is configured to selective supply air to the aftertreatment system of the engine. The thermal management system further includes a heater located between the compressed air rail and the first valve. The heater is configured to heat the air before supplying air to the aftertreatment system of the engine.

An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, especially for the internal combustion engine of a vehicle, includes an exhaust gas duct (12) carrying an exhaust gas stream (A) and a reactant release arrangement (18) for releasing a reactant into the exhaust gas stream (A). A bypass flow generation arrangement (25) generates a bypass flow (M) surrounding the reactant stream that is released from the reactant release arrangement (18).

An internal combustion engine system includes an internal combustion engine, an air intake conduit, an exhaust system with a catalytic converter, a combined catalyst preheating/exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system with a recirculation passage, a heating element, and a preheating/EGR valve configured to selectively allow flow through the recirculation passage, and an electric turbocharger assembly including a compressor and a turbine rotatably coupled by a shaft. A controller is configured to operate in (i) a catalyst preheating mode where the preheating/EGR valve is opened to allow intake air into the recirculation passage, and the electric turbocharger compressor is operated to force intake air through the recirculation passage and the heating element to rapidly heat the catalytic converter, and (ii) an EGR mode where the throttle is opened to allow intake air to flow into the engine, and the preheating/EGR valve is opened to allow exhaust gas into the recirculation passage.

Provided are systems and methods for pre-heating an emission reduction device including an upstream element and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device, the system comprising: an air blower; a heater unit in fluid communication with the air blower; a valve in fluid communication with the heater unit, the valve comprising an input, a first outlet and a second outlet; a controller connected to the air blower, the heater unit, and the valve, the controller providing a control signal to each of the air blower, the heater unit and the valve; and wherein the upstream element receives a first heating airflow from the first outlet and the SCR device receives a second heating airflow from the second outlet.

A number of enhancements to the operation of ammonia and hydrogen engines are described. These include improvements to the exhaust treatment systems, where a three-way catalyst plus SCR is used to significantly reduce emissions. Additionally, new approaches for enhanced ammonia powered engine operation using alcohol-based fuels are described. Further, control systems that may be utilized with these engines are described. These control systems use endothermic exhaust heat reforming of a fuel to significantly increase overall engine efficiency. The exhaust heat is used in an endothermic reaction to convert the fuel into a hydrogen rich gas which has more chemical energy than the pre-reformed fuel. The hydrogen rich gas is then combusted in the engine. Also, additional enhancements to the exhaust treatment system when used with ammonia or hydrogen engines are disclosed.