Systems and methods automatically rescale an original engine model so that it models an engine of a different size. The original engine model may be coupled to an engine controller model, and the systems and methods may also rescale the original controller model to produce a rescaled controller model matched to the rescaled engine model. The original engine model may include engine parameters and engine lookup tables, and the original controller model may include controller parameters and controller lookup tables. Rescaling factors indicating the size of the new engine being modeled may be received, and ratios may be computed as a function of the rescaling factors. Original engine parameters and controller parameters may be rescaled based on the ratios. Original engine lookup tables and controller lookup tables may be reshaped based on the ratios.

A vehicle throttle control system includes a torque control system providing a desired torque for a throttle valve. A conversion module converts the desired torque to a desired throttle area and converts the desired throttle area to a target throttle position. A selection module determines which one of multiple MPC controllers should be used based on a current position of the throttle valve. A prediction module determines future state values using a mathematical model of a throttle body. A cost module determines a first cost for a first set of MPC target throttle duty cycle values. A control module identifies optimal sets of target throttle motor duty cycle values for each of the MPC controllers. The multiple MPC controllers control operation of a throttle valve duty cycle to achieve a target throttle opening area based on a first one of the target throttle motor duty cycle values.

A method for controlling a gas turbine engine having a constrained model based control (CMBC) system. The method including obtaining information about a current and previous states of the engine, updating model data information in the CMBC and a parameter estimation system based on the obtained information, and identifying trends in the data based on the information. The method also includes diagnosing the engine, based on the identified trends, determining at least one of a new constraint, objective, initial condition, model characteristic, prediction horizon, and control horizon for the control system based on the diagnosing step if the diagnosing step identified a fault condition, and adapting the CMBC system based on the at least one new constraint, objective, initial condition, model characteristic, prediction and control horizon. The method further includes generating at least on control command based on the adapting and commanding an actuator based on the control command.

A method for determining an imbalance of at least one cylinder in an arrangement of at least two cylinders in a system is provided, which includes an internal combustion engine, the imbalance of the at least one cylinder being present in relation to at least one property of an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine and the determination of the imbalance of the at least one cylinder occurring with a sensor device for detecting at least one property of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine. A diagnostic threshold is ascertained through a dynamic characterization of the system with the sensor device, the dynamic characterization taking place after an excitation of the system. The diagnostic threshold makes it possible to delimit a range of potential erroneous detections which are caused due to a dispersion of an evaluating signal resulting from the imbalance of the at least one cylinder.

Implementations described herein relate to utilizing discrete transient local state space models to modify an output from a steady state NO.sub.x estimation model to provide a final estimated NO.sub.x value. An engine operating space, defined by a speed and injection quantity map, is subdivided into several discrete local state spaces and a transient model is developed for each discrete state space to output a NO.sub.x estimation correction value. The transient models may be a regression model or the transient model may be an empirical map of data values. The NO.sub.x estimation correction value modifies a steady state NO.sub.x value to calculate the final NO.sub.x estimated value. The final NO.sub.x estimated value is then output to another component, such as a controller as an input for controlling one or more components of an engine, an aftertreatment system, and/or a diagnostic system.

A method for carrying out a calculation of a data-based function model in a control unit having a computing unit and a separate model calculation unit having a computing core, including: loading a first part of the configuration data, which contain hyperparameters of the data-based function model and a first part of supporting point data having multiple supporting points, into the model calculation unit; starting a calculation in the computing core of the model calculation unit, to obtain a model value at a predefined test point; and transferring a second part of the configuration data, which contain a second part of the supporting point data having multiple supporting points, into the model calculation unit, prior to the completion of the calculation in the computing core of the model calculation unit.

Methods and systems are provided for catalyst control. In one example, a method may include controlling an air-fuel ratio downstream of a catalyst by adjusting fuel injection. The fuel injection is adjusted based on control parameters updated online through system identification at a point of feedback control instability.

A method is provided for determining fuel blend in a dual fuel mixture including a first and a second fuel in an internal combustion engine. The method includes the steps of measuring multiple engine parameters using sensors during transient cycle operation for a predetermined range of engine loads and fuel blends; using system identification of transient time series of the measurements to determine one or more relevant engine parameters; determining a model for estimation of the fuel blend based on said one or more engine parameters; using the model for determining a current fuel blend during transient operation using current measured values of the one or more engine parameters, and using the calculated current fuel blend for controlling the amount of dual fuel mixture injected into each cylinder of the internal combustion engine. A vehicle and a computer program product using the method are also provided.

An engine control system for a vehicle may include a sequence determination module that generates a first set of possible MPC target values and a second set of possible MPC target values. A cost module determines a first cost for the first set of possible MPC target values and a second cost for the second set of possible MPC target values. A selection module that selects MPC target values from one of the first and second sets of possible MPC target values based on the first and second costs. A transition module that receives the MPC target values, compares the MPC target values with a plurality of previous control requests, and selects a set of target values ranging from the previous control requests to the MPC target values that control a plurality of engine functions.

In a method for monitoring the dynamics of gas sensors of an internal combustion engine, which gas sensors exhibit a low-pass behavior as a function of geometry, measurement principle, aging, or contamination, a dynamics diagnosis is carried out, upon a change in the gas state variable to be measured, on the basis of a comparison between a modeled and a measured signal. The parameters of the low-pass behavior are determined in direction-dependent fashion by minimizing direction-dependent error signals created by high-pass filtering and logical combination with direction-dependent saturation characteristic curves, the direction-dependent error signals being calculated by comparing the modeled and the measured signal for a rising and a falling signal component.