An engine system incorporating an engine, one or more sensors, and a controller. The controller may be connected to the one or more sensors and the engine. The one or more sensors may be configured to sense one or more parameters related to operation of the engine. The controller may incorporate an air-path state estimator configured to estimate one or more air-path state parameters in the engine based on values of one or more parameters sensed by the sensors. The controller may have an on-line and an off-line portion, where the on-line portion may incorporate the air-path state estimator and the off-line portion may configure and/or calibrate a model for the air-path state estimator.

A method to control an internal combustion engine including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and an air charging system includes the following steps: (a) determining, via an engine controller, a first EGR mass flow rate using an orifice model; (b) determining, via the engine controller, a second EGR mass flow rate using a cylinder volumetric efficiency model; (c) determining, via the engine controller, a hybrid EGR mass flow rate based on the first EGR flow rate and the second EGR flow rate; and (d) controlling the air charging system based on the hybrid EGR flow rate.

An engine system incorporating an engine, one or more sensors, and a controller. The controller may be connected to the one or more sensors and the engine. The one or more sensors may be configured to sense one or more parameters related to operation of the engine. The controller may incorporate an air-path state estimator configured to estimate one or more air-path state parameters in the engine based on values of one or more parameters sensed by the sensors. The controller may have an on-line and an off-line portion, where the on-line portion may incorporate the air-path state estimator and the off-line portion may configure and/or calibrate a model for the air-path state estimator.

The present invention is an on-board vehicle emissions measurement system. The system comprises at least one sensor (CAP) downstream from the aftertreatment system, and optionally a sensor plugged into the vehicle diagnostics port, and a computer (SIN) including models (MOD VEH, MOD MOD, MOD POT). According to the invention, emissions determination is based on the signal from sensor (CAP) and on models (MOD VEH, MOD MOT, MOD POT).

Methods and systems for use of model predictive control (MPC) controllers utilizing hybrid, quadratic solvers to solve a linear feasibility problem corresponding to a nonlinear problem for an internal combustion engine plant such as a diesel engine air path. The MPC solves a convex, quadratic cost function having optimization variables and constraints and directs the plant per the output solutions to optimize plant operation while adhering to regulations and constraints. The problem includes a combination of iterative and direct calculations in the primal space depending on whether a partial step (iterative) or a full step (direct) is attempted. Further, primal and dual space array matrices are pre-computed and stored offline and are retrieved via use of a unique identifier associated with a specific active set for a set of constraints. Such hybrid and/or offline calculations allow for a reduction in computational power while still maintaining accuracy of solution results.

Methods, devices, estimators, controllers and algorithms are described for estimating working chamber air charge during engine operations. The described approaches and devices are well suited for use in dynamic firing level modulation controlled engines. Manifold pressure is estimated for a time corresponding to an induction event associated with a selected working cycle. The manifold pressure estimate accounts for impacts from one or more intervening potential induction events that will occur between the time that the manifold pressure is estimated and the time that the induction event associated with the selected working cycle occurs. The estimated manifold pressure is used in the estimation of the air charge for the selected working cycle. The described approach may be used to individually calculate the air charge for each induction event at any time that the engine is operating in a mode that can benefit from the individual cylinder air charge estimations.

Methods are provided for estimating the NO.sub.x content of exhaust gas produced by an internal combustion engine. The method includes determining one or more operating parameters. The method further includes applying the determined operating parameter(s) to a global NO.sub.x model. The global NO.sub.x model may be derived using a plurality of steady state data points relating to local NO.sub.x emission models. The steady state data points may be derived using a plurality of set and variable operating parameters. The global NO.sub.x model allows for prediction of the engine-out NO.sub.x content of exhaust gas in real time and without a NO.sub.x sensor, even if engine operating parameters change.

A system according to the present disclosure includes an engine parameter estimation module, an error magnitude module, an engine parameter adjustment module, and an engine actuator control module. The engine parameter estimation module estimates an engine operating parameter using a physics-based model. The error magnitude module determines a magnitude of error between the estimated engine operating parameter and an actual value of the engine operating parameter using an experimental model. The engine parameter adjustment module adjusts the estimated engine operating parameter based on the error magnitude. The engine actuator control module controls an actuator of the engine based on the estimated engine operating parameter as adjusted.