A hydraulic mem-inerter container device and applications thereof. The hydraulic mem-inerter container device comprises a first cylinder barrel, a first piston, and a spiral passage. The first cylinder barrel is divided by the first piston into a left cavity and a right cavity; and the spiral passage enables the left cavity and the right cavity of the first cylinder barrel to communicate, and the length of the spiral passage changes along with the change of the relative displacement of the first cylinder barrel and the first piston. The cylinder barrel and the piston serve as a first end point and a second end point that are independent and movable correspondingly. When used, the hydraulic mem-inerter container device can be connected to a system to control mechanical force. The hydraulic mem-inerter container device can serve as a regulation and control valve for an inerter and a damper.

A hydraulic mem-inerter container device and applications thereof. The hydraulic mem-inerter container device comprises a first cylinder barrel, a first piston, and a spiral passage. The first cylinder barrel is divided by the first piston into a left cavity and a right cavity; and the spiral passage enables the left cavity and the right cavity of the first cylinder barrel to communicate, and the length of the spiral passage changes along with the change of the relative displacement of the first cylinder barrel and the first piston. The cylinder barrel and the piston serve as a first end point and a second end point that are independent and movable correspondingly. When used, the hydraulic mem-inerter container device can be connected to a system to control mechanical force. The hydraulic mem-inerter container device can serve as a regulation and control valve for an inerter and a damper.

Described herein is a fluid circuit device. The device incorporates at least one pressure balancing valve located between at least two fluid volumes that can be in a pressure differential arrangement wherein the at least one pressure balancing valve acts to address a pressure differential by opening a fluid volume or volumes to a third pressure equalising volume. In use, the fluid circuit device may in one embodiment be used in an energy absorbtion apparatus.

Described herein is a fluid circuit device. The device incorporates at least one pressure balancing valve located between at least two fluid volumes that can be in a pressure differential arrangement wherein the at least one pressure balancing valve acts to address a pressure differential by opening a fluid volume or volumes to a third pressure equalising volume. In use, the fluid circuit device may in one embodiment be used in an energy absorbtion apparatus.

A hydraulic damper includes a cylinder containing a hydraulic fluid and a piston affixed to a piston rod that extends out from one end of the cylinder through an end cap seal and that divides the cylinder into two chambers. The piston includes a port extending longitudinally through it where the port defines a valve seat. Inserted in the port is a spring-loaded valve member having a central bore extending longitudinally through it of a selected diameter that sets the rate of extension and return of the piston rod during use.

A hydraulic damper includes a cylinder containing a hydraulic fluid and a piston affixed to a piston rod that extends out from one end of the cylinder through an end cap seal and that divides the cylinder into two chambers. The piston includes a port extending longitudinally through it where the port defines a valve seat. Inserted in the port is a spring-loaded valve member having a central bore extending longitudinally through it of a selected diameter that sets the rate of extension and return of the piston rod during use.

A damping valve for a hydraulic damper (D) comprises a valve housing comprising an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber. A housing valve seat is arranged between the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber. A valve element having a cylindrical first portion is slidably received in a cylindrical bore of the valve housing and a second portion has a valve surface for selectively engaging and disengaging the housing valve seat to allow passage of hydraulic fluid between the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber. A spring element is mounted within the valve housing for biasing the valve element into engagement with the housing valve seat. The bore of the valve housing has a closed end defining a bore chamber between an end of the first portion of the valve element and the closed end of the bore. A first passage provides fluid communication between the bore chamber and the inlet chamber.

A damping valve for a hydraulic damper (D) comprises a valve housing comprising an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber. A housing valve seat is arranged between the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber. A valve element having a cylindrical first portion is slidably received in a cylindrical bore of the valve housing and a second portion has a valve surface for selectively engaging and disengaging the housing valve seat to allow passage of hydraulic fluid between the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber. A spring element is mounted within the valve housing for biasing the valve element into engagement with the housing valve seat. The bore of the valve housing has a closed end defining a bore chamber between an end of the first portion of the valve element and the closed end of the bore. A first passage provides fluid communication between the bore chamber and the inlet chamber.

An electrorheological fluid which comprises a dispersion medium containing fluorine atoms in an amount larger than 0 wt % but not larger than 50.0 wt % and particles for electrorheological fluid use that are contained in the dispersion medium in an amount of 10-50 vol % of the total volume of the dispersion medium and the particles, the particles comprising a sulfonic-acid-group-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group content of 30-70 wt %.

An electrorheological fluid which comprises a dispersion medium containing fluorine atoms in an amount larger than 0 wt % but not larger than 50.0 wt % and particles for electrorheological fluid use that are contained in the dispersion medium in an amount of 10-50 vol % of the total volume of the dispersion medium and the particles, the particles comprising a sulfonic-acid-group-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group content of 30-70 wt %.