An internal combustion engine includes a hollow cylinder, a piston within the hollow cylinder, and a cylinder head. A base valve assembly at a base of the hollow cylinder permits or restricts fluid flow from an intake manifold into a sub-chamber below the piston. The piston includes at least one intake port connecting a combustion chamber above the piston with the sub-chamber, and a transfer valve that opens and closes the at least one intake port. When the transfer valve opens the at least one intake port, fluid is permitted to flow from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine operates according to a four-stroke piston cycle, wherein multiple intake stages are provided. The intake stages may include intake of air into the sub-chamber during a compression stroke, transfer of air from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during a power stroke, intake of air-fuel mixture into the sub-chamber during an exhaust stroke, and transfer of air-fuel mixture from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during an intake stroke.

An internal combustion engine includes a hollow cylinder, a piston within the hollow cylinder, and a cylinder head. A base valve assembly at a base of the hollow cylinder permits or restricts fluid flow from an intake manifold into a sub-chamber below the piston. The piston includes at least one intake port connecting a combustion chamber above the piston with the sub-chamber, and a transfer valve that opens and closes the at least one intake port. When the transfer valve opens the at least one intake port, fluid is permitted to flow from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine operates according to a four-stroke piston cycle, wherein multiple intake stages are provided. The intake stages may include intake of air into the sub-chamber during a compression stroke, transfer of air from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during a power stroke, intake of air-fuel mixture into the sub-chamber during an exhaust stroke, and transfer of air-fuel mixture from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during an intake stroke.

A system for transforming rotating motion into linear motion may include an output gear and an output link coupled to the output gear. A shared link may be coupled to the output link and coupled to a rod. An arm may be coupled to the shared link and to a rotating drive. An idle gear may be coupled to the output gear and to a stationary gear. Once rotation has started with the rotating drive, the output gear and idle gear may rotate around the stationary gear while the output link pivots and translates through space with the output gear. The shared link may drive the rod in a linear direction while receiving stabilizing supporting forces from the output link. The intermediate link may be coupled to the output link with a pin. The pin may also couple the intermediate link to the arm.

A system includes a rotating drive and a linear drive. An input driven gear may be coupled to the rotating drive while a sun gear is coupled to the shaft of the input driven gear. A first counterweight may support an idler gear and an output gear. The first counterweight is coupled to the driven gear and which rotates with the driven gear. The idler gear is coupled to the sun gear and an output gear. The idler gear may rotate the output gear when the idler gear is translated around the sun gear. A second counterweight is coupled to the output gear and which rotates with the output gear when the output gear is rotated by the idler gear. An end portion of the second counterweight coupled to the linear drive moves in substantially straight line as the second counterweight rotates while also being translated around the sun gear.

A system for transforming rotating motion into linear motion may include an output gear and an output link coupled to the output gear. A shared link may be coupled to the output link and coupled to a rod. An arm may be coupled to the shared link and to a rotating drive. An idle gear may be coupled to the output gear and to a stationary gear. Once rotation has started with the rotating drive, the output gear and idle gear may rotate around the stationary gear while the output link pivots and translates through space with the output gear. The shared link may drive the rod in a linear direction while receiving stabilizing supporting forces from the output link. The intermediate link may be coupled to the output link with a pin. The pin may also couple the intermediate link to the arm.

A reciprocating linear motion mechanism for a can body maker includes: a housing including an internal gear; a first rotation body; a first bearing connecting the housing and the first rotation body; a convex part protruding toward one side of an axis direction in the axis direction; a second rotation body including an external gear meshing with the internal gear; a recess recessed toward onside in the axis direction from a surface facing the other side of the second rotation body in the axis direction and into which the convex part is inserted; a second bearing connecting the convex part and the recess; and a ram shaft connection part connected to the second rotation body and moved linearly in a reciprocating manner, wherein the internal gear, the external gear, the recess, the second bearing, and the convex part overlap each other.

An angular gear arrangement for mower knife driven in an oscillating manner, including a transmission housing, an input shaft, which engages in the interior of the transmission housing, a rotor, which is mounted in the transmission housing to be rotatable about a first axis of rotation by a first bearing, a crankshaft, which engages in the receiving space of the rotor through the receiving opening and is mounted in the receiving space, to be rotatable about a second axis of rotation by a second bearing, a driving element, which is non-rotationally connected to the rotor and mounted so as to be rotatable about the first axis of rotation by at least one third bearing, and support means, which are arranged in the transmission housing and on which the third bearing is axially supported, the support means being releasably fastened to the transmission housing.

A housing including an internal gear having a first central axis as a center; a first rotating body relatively rotatably joined to the housing; a second rotating body including an external gear having a second central axis parallel to the first central axis as a center and meshing with an internal gear and relatively rotatably joined to the first rotating body; a ram shaft joining part connected to the second rotating body and configured to be linearly moved in a reciprocating manner in a prescribed direction; and an air supply path passing through the insides of the first rotating body, the second rotating body, and the ram shaft joining part are provided.

A high efficiency reciprocating engine, nominally of the internal combustion type but alternatively of the external combustion type is disclosed. The new engine uses Hypocycloidal and alternatively Epicycloidal gear mechanisms to create differentiated compression and expansion ratios which then promote significant improvements in efficiency through lower compression losses and higher extraction of available energy. Through suitable augmentation, the engines can be made to provide higher power when needed over higher efficiency. Additionally, other parameter modifications enable realization of low side wall loads and true zero exhaust volume.

A system includes a rotating drive and a linear drive. An input driven gear may be coupled to the rotating drive while a sun gear is coupled to the shaft of the input driven gear. A first counterweight may support an idler gear and an output gear. The first counterweight is coupled to the driven gear and which rotates with the driven gear. The idler gear is coupled to the sun gear and an output gear. The idler gear may rotate the output gear when the idler gear is translated around the sun gear. A second counterweight is coupled to the output gear and which rotates with the output gear when the output gear is rotated by the idler gear. An end portion of the second counterweight coupled to the linear drive moves in substantially straight line as the second counterweight rotates while also being translated around the sun gear.