A method of producing an active chemical species, steam or superheated steam includes flowing one or more fluids through a conduit, locating one or more incandescent lights in close proximity to the conduit, and using at least a portion of the heat emitted from the one or more incandescent lights to heat the one or more fluids flowing through the conduit so that the fluid or fluids are disassociated into chemical components, associated into a new compound, or converted into steam.

A sheath heater includes: a housing having an accommodating space formed therein; a plurality of main terminals electrically connected to an outside of the sheath heater through an electric circuit, wherein the accommodating space is filled with magnesia and the plurality of main terminals are disposed in the accommodating space to penetrate through one side and another side of the housing; an overheat preventing means located in the housing, connected in series with the electric circuit, and having a PTC element controlling a flow of current of the electric circuit according to a temperature of the PTC element; and a heating element electrically connected to the electric circuit and generating heat during the flow of current.

This invention provides a fluid heating device that is free from breakage even though a conductor tube is transformed due to being heated. Concretely, this invention is provided with an electrical connecting member that constitutes a short circuit by electrically connecting each of required portions of the conductor tube, and uses the electrical connecting member that is transformable in accordance with a transformation resulting from a temperature change of the conductor tube.

A throughflow heater comprises an outer surface encircling a longitudinal axis, inwardly adjoining the outer surface a conveying region for a fluid that is to be heated, inwardly adjoining the conveying region at a transition surface a heating layer with an electrical heating element and heat-conducting material, and an insulating core which extends centrally along the longitudinal axis and outwardly forms a support surface for the electrical heating element and the heat-conducting material. The thermal conductivity of the insulating core is lower than that of the heat-conducting material. The radial extent of a channel arranged in the conveying region is less than 1 mm.

A compact, on-demand system to produce high pressure (5,000 psig) and high temperature (450 C.) water or other liquids which maintains single-phase flow throughout the system utilizing low-cost, thick-wall tubing and thereby negate the requirement to design the unit as a boiler or adhere to coded pressure vessel design requirements. This design can also replace a conventional boiler for the generation of hot water as well as low and high pressure steam.

A heating unit for a beverage preparation machine. The machine includes a pump for circulating a beverage preparation fluid through the machine from a fluid source to the heating unit. The heating unit is suitable for heating the fluid and includes a housing which defines a fluid heating chamber. A heating element is located inside the housing and is adapted to heat the fluid. The heating unit further includes a pre-heating tube for conveying the fluid from the pump. The pre-heating tube includes a tube inlet and a tube outlet. The tube outlet connects with the heating chamber. The pre-heating tube is located at least partly within the housing such that the heating element will at least partially heat the fluid in the pre-heating tube before the pre-heated fluid is released into the heating chamber through the outlet.

A flow-through fluid heater comprises: a high thermal conductivity conduit-defining body shaped to provide a conduit that extends between an inlet port and an outlet port; one or more heating elements connected to the body for providing heat to the body, thereby permitting the body to provide heat to fluid flowing through the conduit; a temperature sensor connected to sense a measured temperature indicative of a temperature of the fluid in a vicinity of the temperature sensor; one or more flow rate sensors for sensing a measured flow rate of the fluid through the conduit; and a controller connected to receive signals from the temperature sensor and the flow rate sensors, the controller configured to control an amount of heat energy imparted to the fluid during a period that the fluid is resident in the conduit between the inlet port and the outlet port based at least in part on the measured temperature and the measured flow rate.

A fluid-heating device for heating fluid with a heater includes: a heating portion that is molded so as to cover the surrounding of the heater; and a support body integrally cast into the heating portion, the heating portion being molded in a state in which the heater is supported by the support body in a die for molding the heating portion.

The present invention discloses a tubular thick film heater protection apparatus, including: an upper tube, where the upper tube includes an upper tube side surface and a toroid; an outer ring surface of the toroid is integrally connected to an upper portion of the upper tube side surface, a flange downwardly extends along an inner ring surface of the toroid, and a space between the flange and an inner side wall of the upper tube side surface forms an upper groove; and a base, where the base is provided with a lower groove, the base is provided with an elastic contact piece, and a terminal contact of the elastic contact piece can be connected to an electrode through contact; and the base is provided with a wiring terminal. The present invention further discloses a tubular thick film heater with a protection function.

An instantaneous heating apparatus is disclosed. The instantaneous heating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a water inlet part into which water flows from the outside; a flow part in which the water, flowing into the water inlet part, flows; a heating part for heating the water flowing in the flow part; and a water outlet part for discharging, to the outside, the water heated by the heating part, wherein the flow part can comprise: a passage forming member disposed inside the heating part; and a close-pressing part for bringing the passage forming member into close contact with the heating part such that a heating passage is formed between the heating part and the passage forming member.