A reliable, leak-tolerant liquid cooling system with a backup air-cooling system for computers is provided. The system may use a vacuum pump and a liquid pump and/or an air compressor in combination to provide negative fluid pressure so that liquid does not leak out of the system near electrical components. Alternatively, the system can use a single vacuum pump and a valve assembly to circulate coolant. The system distributes flow and pressure with a series of pressure regulating valves so that an array of computers can be serviced by a single cooling system. A connector system is provided to automatically evacuate the liquid from the heat exchangers before they are disconnected. Leah detection and mitigation structures are also disclosed. Various turbulators are also provided, as well as a system and method for optimizing the heat transfer characteristics of a heat exchanger to minimize total energy requirements.

Disclosed are a heat exchanger fin, a heat exchanger, an indoor unit and an air conditioner. The heat exchanger fin includes a fin body, and the fin body includes an air outlet contour line arranged on one side and an air inlet contour line arranged on the other side; refrigerant pipe mounting holes are provided in the fin body; and on a straight line where the curvature radius of the air outlet contour line of the fin body is located, or on a straight line where the curvature radius of the air inlet contour line of the fin body is located, the distance between the air inlet contour line and the air outlet contour line of the fin body is gradually reduced from the middle to two ends of the heat exchanger fin.

Provided, according to the present invention, is a heat exchanger including: a pipe structure having an inlet and an outlet formed therein and providing a flow path which is extended between the inlet and the outlet and through which a refrigerant flows; and a heat dissipation structure coupled to the pipe structure to exchange heat between the refrigerant and an external fluid, wherein the heat dissipation structure is made of a composite material comprising a resin material and a carbon material.

A liquid-cooled heat sink head includes a metal substrate, a first cover, and a plurality of heat dissipation fins. The first cover covers the metal substrate to form a heat exchange chamber and includes a first liquid inlet and a liquid outlet to allow a working fluid to flow in the heat exchange chamber. The heat dissipation fins are disposed on the metal substrate, are placed between the first liquid inlet and the liquid outlet, and are arranged sequentially from the first liquid inlet toward the liquid outlet. A liquid passage is disposed between each two adjacent heat dissipation fins. A portion of the heat dissipation fins are connected to the heat exchange portion, and at least one heat dissipation fin includes one opening to communicate with the liquid passages at two sides of the at least one heat dissipation fin.

Disclosed is a cover fin including a front part and a rear part being perpendicular to a forward/rearward direction and spaced apart from each other in the forward/rearward direction, a connecting part connecting the front part and the rear part, a leg part extending from an upper end of the rear part toward an upper side when one direction being perpendicular to the forward/rearward direction is defined as an upward/downward direction, and a protrusion protruding from the leg part to a rear side.

Disclosed is a cover fin including a front part and a rear part being perpendicular to a forward/rearward direction and spaced apart from each other in the forward/rearward direction, a connecting part connecting the front part and the rear part, a leg part extending from an upper end of the rear part toward an upper side when one direction being perpendicular to the forward/rearward direction is defined as an upward/downward direction, and a protrusion protruding from the leg part to a rear side.

A cast part includes an outermost wall, at least one inner wall defining at least two internal passages and at least one cast cooling fin extending from an outer surface. The cast part including a cross-sectional circular area spanning at least a portion of each of four internal passages includes a ratio of interior empty space to inner wall space that improves heat transfer.

A featured embodiment of a cast plate heat exchanger assembly includes a cast plate including a plate portion defining a plurality of internal passages. A plurality of fin portions extend from the plate portion. First augmentation structures are disposed on surfaces of the fin portions for conditioning cooling airflow to enhance transfer of thermal energy. A method is also disclosed.

A featured embodiment of a cast plate heat exchanger assembly includes a cast plate including a plate portion defining a plurality of internal passages. A plurality of fin portions extend from the plate portion. First augmentation structures are disposed on surfaces of the fin portions for conditioning cooling airflow to enhance transfer of thermal energy. A method is also disclosed.

A featured embodiment of a cast plate heat exchanger assembly includes a cast plate including a plate portion defining a plurality of internal passages. A plurality of fin portions extend from the plate portion. First augmentation structures are disposed on surfaces of the fin portions for conditioning cooling airflow to enhance transfer of thermal energy. A method is also disclosed.