The present invention provides a fuel supply system, for an eco-friendly ship, which selectively uses an existing fuel and an ammonia fuel or uses a mixture thereof as a fuel for a propulsion engine and a power generation engine of a ship so as to follow ship greenhouse gas regulations to be reinforced in phases at major points until 2050.

A method for determining a combustion gas composition of a combustion gas for an internal combustion engine includes operating the engine, and establishing an operating point of the internal combustion engine during operation. The method also includes detecting a nitrogen oxide emission of the internal combustion engine at the operating point. The method further includes detecting an exhaust gas temperature of the internal combustion engine at the operating point, and detecting a combustion air ratio of the internal combustion engine at the operating point. The combustion gas composition of the combustion gas is determined based on the operating point, the detected nitrogen oxide emission, the detected exhaust gas temperature and the detected combustion air ratio.

A fuel combustion apparatus 2 according to the present invention includes: a combustion cylinder 4; a fuel feed unit 6 that introduces a swirling flow of an air-fuel mixture into the combustion cylinder; an ignition unit 10 including an igniter 32 located in the combustion cylinder 4; an ion detection unit 12 including a detector 40 located in the combustion cylinder 4; and a control unit 14 that adjusts a mixing ratio of the fuel based on a detection result obtained by the ion detection unit 12. Preferably, the fuel is ammonia. Preferably, the detector 40 is located in the vicinity of the igniter 32.

An internal combustion engine, with an engine regulating device and an exhaust gas aftertreatment device with an SCR catalytic converter for the reduction of at least one NO.sub.x component, and with a catalytic converter regulating device, wherein the engine regulating device is prescribed a target value for an NO.sub.x mean value of the NO.sub.x component of the exhaust gases, which mean value results at an outlet point of the exhaust gas aftertreatment device in relation to a predefinable time period, and the engine regulating device is configured at least in one operating mode to continuously calculate an NO.sub.x reference value for the catalytic converter regulating device with consideration of No.sub.x components which have already been emitted and the predefined target value, which reference value is selected in such a way that the predefined target value results at the outlet point of the exhaust gas aftertreatment device at the end of the predefinable time period when the calculated NO.sub.x reference value of the catalytic converter regulating device is fed as NO.sub.x setpoint value to the regulating means.

Operating an internal combustion engine system includes feeding a stream of pressurized intake air to a plurality of cylinders in an engine for combustion with a methanol fuel. An engine parameter indicative of at least one of an exhaust NOx level or a change to the exhaust NOx level of the engine is monitored, and water injected into an intake conduit for the engine based on the monitored engine parameter to limit the exhaust NOx level of the engine. Related apparatus and control logic is disclosed.

Methods and systems are provided for increasing EGR delivered to an engine. In one example, a method may include determining an EVO timing set point and an external EGR setpoint in parallel, based on an inverse model. The EVO timing may be adjusted based on a combination of the EVO timing setpoint and an EGR cylinder balancing feedback loop, thereby varying internal EGR to the engine to supplement external EGR.

A gas engine heat pump and a method of operating the same are provided. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the gas engine heat pump includes: an engine for burning a mixture of air and fuel; an exhaust gas compressor for compressing exhaust gases coming from the engine; a buffer tank for storing the exhaust gases compressed by the exhaust gas compressor; an exhaust gas valve disposed between the buffer tank and an intake manifold of the engine; an exhaust gas spray nozzle for spraying the exhaust gases stored in the buffer tank into a cylinder of the engine; an exhaust gas sensor for acquiring information on the exhaust gases coming from the engine; and a controller, wherein the controller controls the operation of at least one of the exhaust gas valve and the exhaust gas spray nozzle, based on the information on the exhaust gases acquired by the exhaust gas sensor. Other various embodiments are possible.

A method comprises determining that an aftertreatment system is in a cold-operation mode; initiating a low engine-out NOx (LEON) mode by controlling a component of a vehicle containing the aftertreatment system to decrease an instantaneous engine out NOx (EONOx) amount and to increase exhaust energy relative to a normal operation mode for an engine of the vehicle; receiving information indicative of an operating status of the vehicle during the LEON mode; disengaging the LEON mode; subsequent to disengaging the LEON mode, initiating a thermal management (TM) mode for the aftertreatment system, wherein the TM mode is initiated by controlling a component of the vehicle to increase fueling to the engine for a power level by reducing engine efficiency and directing excess fuel to the aftertreatment system; receiving information indicative of an operating status of the vehicle during the TM mode; and disengaging the TM mode.

A system, apparatus, and method for controlling an engine system can provide fuel reactivity compensation control for an engine of the engine system. Pilot fuel quantity supplied to the engine can be controlled using a nitrous oxide (NOx) error. Likewise, air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) for the engine can be controlled using the NOx error. Each of a pilot fuel offset and an AFR control trim can be generated using the NOx error. The pilot fuel offset and the AFR control trim can be used to control the pilot fuel quantity and the AFR, respectively.

Methods and systems for monitoring a NOx sensor for a NOx offset value are described. In one example, the NOx offset value may be based on a minimum NOx concentration observed over an entire drive of a vehicle. The NOx offset monitor may be inhibited in response to inferring or detecting a presence of NH.sub.3 in an exhaust system.