A vehicle is provided and includes a GPF (gasoline particulate filter) that is configured to store a soot generated in an engine and burn the soot and a sensor that is configured to detect a first soot mass included in the GPF. A controller is configured to calculate a second soot mass estimated at the ignition off based on the detected first soot mass and determine an inlet temperature of the GPF based on the second soot mass and a predetermined reference value. The engine is then operated based on the determined inlet temperature of the GPF.

A controller executes a dither control process and a deposition amount calculating process. In the dither control process, on condition that an execution request for a regeneration process of the filter is made, fuel injection valves are operated such that at least one of the cylinders is a lean combustion cylinder, and at least another one of the cylinders is a rich combustion cylinder. In the deposition amount calculating process, a deposition amount is calculated such that, as compared to a case in which a target value of an average value of an exhaust air-fuel ratio in a predetermined period by the dither control process is a first air-fuel ratio, a decrease amount per unit time of the deposition amount is calculated to be a great value in a case in which the target value is a second air-fuel ratio, which is leaner than the first air-fuel ratio.

A PM amount estimation device is applied to a filter that collects PM in the exhaust gas discharged to an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. A storage device stores mapping data which is data defining a mapping that outputs the PM amount collected by the filter. The mapping has at least one of an intake air temperature variable and a wall surface variable, and a flow rate variable as inputs. The intake air temperature variable relates to the temperature of air drawn into the engine. The wall surface variable relates to a cylinder wall surface temperature of the engine. The flow rate variable indicates the flow rate of the fluid entering the filter. The execution device calculates the PM amount based on the output of the mapping having the acquired data as an input.

A method to determine soot mass of a gasoline engine powered automobile vehicle includes: predefining a time period between approximately 50 seconds to 200 seconds defining a cold start operation of a gasoline engine; determining a critical engine cold start temperature at a time defining a start of the cold start operation; identifying a cold start soot mass value from a lookup table based on the predefined time period and the critical engine cold start temperature; calculating a hot engine soot mass value for a hot engine operating time; repeating the calculating step for at least one next successive hot engine operating time; and adding the cold start soot mass value to the hot engine soot mass value for the hot engine operating time and the at least one next successive hot engine operating time to define a total soot mass value.

The present invention refers to a method for determining an amount of a substance in exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the method comprises the steps of: determining, for an effective condition of the engine, at least one operating parameter; determining, for a reference condition of the engine, a reference amount of the substance present in exhaust gas of the engine in the reference condition when being operated based on the determined operating parameter; determining an intake manifold temperature difference between the effective condition and the reference condition of the engine; and determining an effective amount of the substance in the exhaust gas of the engine in the effective condition in dependence on the determined reference amount of the substance and the determined intake manifold temperature difference.

A fuel content detection system is disclosed. The fuel content detection system may include an engine control module (ECM) to receive a measurement of a parameter. The parameter may correlate with an amount of a substance in a fuel that is being consumed in an engine. The ECM may determine an estimation of the parameter based on a model. The model may use a predetermined value associated with the amount of the substance, and the engine may be configured to consume a designated type of fuel that includes an amount of the substance that corresponds to the predetermined value. The ECM may determine, based on the estimation and the measurement not being within a threshold range, that the fuel is not the designated type of fuel and perform an action associated with the engine.

A method and control device for monitoring the function of a particulate filter in an exhaust gas duct of an internal combustion engine. A soot emission in the exhaust gas duct downstream from the particulate filter is determined with a particle sensor, an expected soot emission after a limit particulate filter at the location of the particle sensor is simulated and a comparison value is ascertained. A good particulate filter is found if the measured soot emission is less than the comparison value of the simulated soot emission. A defective particulate filter is found if the measured soot emission is higher than the comparison value of the simulated soot emission. The simulated soot emission is determined as being a simulated soot particle concentration at the installation site of the particle sensor such that a basic soot concentration in a soot concentration model is corrected at least with an oxygen correction.

A control device 60 of a vehicle drive device comprises a processing part 81 configured to use a trained model using a neural network to calculate at least one output parameter of a vehicle, and a control part 82 configured to control the vehicle drive device. The neural network includes a first input layer to which at least one first input parameter of the vehicle at a first point of time is input, a second input layer to which at least one second input parameter of the vehicle at a second point of time is input, a first hidden layer to which outputs of the first input layer are input, a second hidden layer to which at least one value correlated with the outputs of the first hidden layer, and outputs of the second input layer are input, and an output layer outputting at least one output parameter.

Various methods and systems are provided for controlling emissions. In one example, a controller is configured to respond to one or more of intake manifold air temperature (MAT), intake air flow rate, or a sensed or estimated intake oxygen fraction by changing an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) amount to maintain particulate matter (PM) and NOx within a range, and then further adjusting the EGR amount based on NOx sensor feedback.

An internal combustion engine, which includes a collection device that is arranged in an exhaust pipe through which an exhaust gas emitted from a cylinder passes and collects PM contained in the exhaust gas and an NOx sensor that is arranged on an upstream side of the collection device and detects an NOx content in the exhaust gas, includes: an estimating device which estimates a PM content in the exhaust gas at the upstream side of the collection device from a detection value of the NOx sensor, based on a trade-off relation between an NOx emission amount and a PM emission amount from the cylinder.