A method of treating tobacco material with superheated steam to reduce the nicotine content of the tobacco material after the treatment compared to the nicotine content of the tobacco material before the treatment. Also provided is treated tobacco material which has been contacted with superheated steam to reduce its nicotine content, as well as the use of superheated steam to treat tobacco and tobacco industry products that include the treated tobacco material.

A method of treating tobacco material with superheated steam to reduce the nicotine content of the tobacco material after the treatment compared to the nicotine content of the tobacco material before the treatment. Also provided is treated tobacco material which has been contacted with superheated steam to reduce its nicotine content, as well as the use of superheated steam to treat tobacco and tobacco industry products that include the treated tobacco material.

A cartridge for an aerosol generating device includes a cartridge for an aerosol generating device includes a liquid storage provided with a space storing a liquid composition that is atomized by a heater to generate an aerosol and including an open end portion of one side sealed by a sealing means to prevent leakage of the liquid composition stored in the space; a mouthpiece coupled in a direction covering the open end portion of the liquid storage and including a discharge hole through which the aerosol generated from the liquid composition stored in the liquid storage is discharged to an outside; and a flavor capsule provided in a space between the open end portion of the one side of the liquid storage hidden by coupling of the liquid storage and the mouthpiece and the sealing means and crushed due to pressure from a user to discharge a flavoring agent.

Plant metabolism and alkaloid levels can be regulated by transcription factors that regulate the nicotinic alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a transcription factor that positively regulates alkaloid biosynthesis, such as nicotine biosynthesis. In particular, the present disclosure provides methods for the inhibition of Nicotiana benthamiana auxin response factor 1 (NbTF1) to reduce alkaloid biosynthesis in plants.

Plant metabolism and alkaloid levels can be regulated by transcription factors that regulate the nicotinic alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a transcription factor that positively regulates alkaloid biosynthesis, such as nicotine biosynthesis. In particular, the present disclosure provides methods for the inhibition of Nicotiana benthamiana auxin response factor 1 (NbTF1) to reduce alkaloid biosynthesis in plants.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a tobacco plant having a low alkaloid content. In the tobacco plant, a function of a gene encoding aspartate oxidase AO2 is suppressed.

An apparatus and process for flavoring a smokable article is disclosed. The apparatus may comprise a sealable or re-sealable container configured to hold the smokable article and a composition containing a flavor configured to be diffusible.

The present invention provides a method for modulating (e.g. decreasing) the nicotine content of a plant (e.g. a tobacco plant) or part thereof, or tobacco plant cell, the method comprising modifying said plant or cell providing at least one mutation in a Nic3 locus. The present invention provides a method for modulating (e.g. decreasing) the nicotine content of a plant (e.g. a tobacco plant) or part thereof, or tobacco plant cell, the method comprising modifying said plant or cell to modulate the expression or activity of at least one Nic3 gene. The present invention also provides for the use of the Nic3 locus for modulating the alkaloid content of a plant, as well as tobacco cells, plants, plant propagation materials, harvested leaves, processed tobaccos, or delivery systems obtainable in accordance with the invention.

The present invention provides a method for modulating (e.g. decreasing) the nicotine content of a plant (e.g. a tobacco plant) or part thereof, or tobacco plant cell, the method comprising modifying said plant or cell providing at least one mutation in a Nic3 locus. The present invention provides a method for modulating (e.g. decreasing) the nicotine content of a plant (e.g. a tobacco plant) or part thereof, or tobacco plant cell, the method comprising modifying said plant or cell to modulate the expression or activity of at least one Nic3 gene. The present invention also provides for the use of the Nic3 locus for modulating the alkaloid content of a plant, as well as tobacco cells, plants, plant propagation materials, harvested leaves, processed tobaccos, or delivery systems obtainable in accordance with the invention.

The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs.