A seed trench depth sensor is adapted to mount to an agricultural implement. The trench depth sensor determining the difference between a distance measured to a bottom of the seed trench by a first sensor and a distance measured to a surface of the soil by a second sensor disposed rearward of the first sensor.

A seed trench depth sensor is adapted to mount to an agricultural implement. The trench depth sensor determining the difference between a distance measured to a bottom of the seed trench by a first sensor and a distance measured to a surface of the soil by a second sensor disposed rearward of the first sensor.

An agricultural implement system having: a row unit coupled to a tool bar of an agricultural implement; an opener system coupled to a chassis of the row unit and configured to engage soil to form a trench; a downforce system configured to apply a downforce to the row unit to adjust a contact force between the row unit and the soil; a soil condition sensor configured to detect a condition of the soil and/or an operational sensor configured to detect operation of the agricultural implement system; a closing system, configured to close the trench created by the opener system; and a controller coupled to the soil condition sensor and/or the operational sensor, wherein the controller is configured to control the downforce system and the closing system in response to feedback from the soil condition sensor and/or the operational sensor.

An agricultural implement system having: a row unit coupled to a tool bar of an agricultural implement; an opener system coupled to a chassis of the row unit and configured to engage soil to form a trench; a downforce system configured to apply a downforce to the row unit to adjust a contact force between the row unit and the soil; a soil condition sensor configured to detect a condition of the soil and/or an operational sensor configured to detect operation of the agricultural implement system; a closing system, configured to close the trench created by the opener system; and a controller coupled to the soil condition sensor and/or the operational sensor, wherein the controller is configured to control the downforce system and the closing system in response to feedback from the soil condition sensor and/or the operational sensor.

A non-destructive method for determining at least one of a cover depth and a cross-sectional area of at least a first ferrous rebar that is within a non-magnetic can include the steps of: a) establishing an electromagnetic circuit comprising the first ferrous rebar, a electromagnetic coupler, a first transmitter and a first receiver; b) introducing a first pulsed electromagnetic interrogation signal along the electromagnetic circuit; c) receiving a response electromagnetic signal having first magnitude that is induced in the first ferrous rebar and generating a corresponding response electrical signal; d) determining at least one of the cover depth and the cross-sectional area of the first ferrous rebar based on time information and the voltage information and generate a corresponding first output signal using a response signal processor; e) providing a first user output based on the output signal using a user output module.

A non-destructive method for determining at least one of a cover depth and a cross-sectional area of at least a first ferrous rebar that is within a non-magnetic can include the steps of: a) establishing an electromagnetic circuit comprising the first ferrous rebar, a electromagnetic coupler, a first transmitter and a first receiver; b) introducing a first pulsed electromagnetic interrogation signal along the electromagnetic circuit; c) receiving a response electromagnetic signal having first magnitude that is induced in the first ferrous rebar and generating a corresponding response electrical signal; d) determining at least one of the cover depth and the cross-sectional area of the first ferrous rebar based on time information and the voltage information and generate a corresponding first output signal using a response signal processor; e) providing a first user output based on the output signal using a user output module.

A method for calculating a magnetic influence factor (MIF) between an atom and a resonant atom of a molecule of a material includes determining a current magnetic field strength at a test location above a quantity of material buried at the test location, transmitting a test signal from an antenna at the test location, the test signal comprising a test fundamental frequency, and detecting, at the test location, a reflected wave comprising the test fundamental frequency on the antenna. The method includes varying the test fundamental frequency while retransmitting the test signal and detecting a reflected wave until reflected waves of various test frequencies are detected and identifying from the detected reflected waves a resonant frequency corresponding to a maximum magnitude of the detected reflected waves. The material includes molecules with a resonant atom and at least one atom different than the resonant atom.

A method for calculating a magnetic influence factor (MIF) between an atom and a resonant atom of a molecule of a material includes determining a current magnetic field strength at a test location above a quantity of material buried at the test location, transmitting a test signal from an antenna at the test location, the test signal comprising a test fundamental frequency, and detecting, at the test location, a reflected wave comprising the test fundamental frequency on the antenna. The method includes varying the test fundamental frequency while retransmitting the test signal and detecting a reflected wave until reflected waves of various test frequencies are detected and identifying from the detected reflected waves a resonant frequency corresponding to a maximum magnitude of the detected reflected waves. The material includes molecules with a resonant atom and at least one atom different than the resonant atom.

A transducer for measuring the thickness of ice in a body of water includes a transducer body, at least one ice presence sensor for measuring the presence of ice at a point beyond a boundary layer between the transducer body and the body of water, a flotation element, a controller, and a display assembly. The transducer body includes waterproof membrane sealed orifices positioned on the transducer body for one or more ice presence sensors. A tether point attaches an anchor to keep the transducer at a fixed location in the water body. The ice presence sensor includes a sense probe passing through the waterproof membrane, a sense probe seal, a drive rod, a switch, and an actuator. The display includes one or more visible elements to indicate ice thickness at the transducer location. The ice thickness is inferred by the collective indications at the one or more ice presence sensors.

A transducer for measuring the thickness of ice in a body of water includes a transducer body, at least one ice presence sensor for measuring the presence of ice at a point beyond a boundary layer between the transducer body and the body of water, a flotation element, a controller, and a display assembly. The transducer body includes waterproof membrane sealed orifices positioned on the transducer body for one or more ice presence sensors. A tether point attaches an anchor to keep the transducer at a fixed location in the water body. The ice presence sensor includes a sense probe passing through the waterproof membrane, a sense probe seal, a drive rod, a switch, and an actuator. The display includes one or more visible elements to indicate ice thickness at the transducer location. The ice thickness is inferred by the collective indications at the one or more ice presence sensors.