A control system for a converting line has a sensor configured to sense a distance between the sensor and a surface of a roll of web material as the roll of web material is unwound from an unwinder and directed to the converting line. The controller is configured to: (i) determine a diameter measurement of the roll as the roll rotates based upon the sensor signals; (ii) store a plurality of data structures in a memory of a controller of a control system wherein the data structures comprise a plurality of data items associated together as the diameter measurements of the roll of the web material; (iii) process by a statistical regression analysis the data structures associated with the diameter; and (iv) generate signals for controlling the converting line based upon the processed diameter measurements.

A method of determining a minimum permissible tip diameter of probing needles of a probe card for wafer probing is described. The method includes performing a plurality of contact procedures of at least one probing needle to a plurality of bonding pads on a wafer. The plurality of contact procedures is performed at different stress applied by the at least one probing needle to the bonding pads. A chart of indentation depths of the plurality of bonding pads caused by the contact procedures at different stress is determined. A set of calibration coefficients based on the chart is determined, wherein the set of calibration coefficients allows to compute a predicted indentation depth as a function of stress. The minimum permissible probing needle tip diameter is determined based on an evaluation of the function.

A method of determining a minimum permissible tip diameter of probing needles of a probe card for wafer probing is described. The method includes performing a plurality of contact procedures of at least one probing needle to a plurality of bonding pads on a wafer. The plurality of contact procedures is performed at different stress applied by the at least one probing needle to the bonding pads. A chart of indentation depths of the plurality of bonding pads caused by the contact procedures at different stress is determined. A set of calibration coefficients based on the chart is determined, wherein the set of calibration coefficients allows to compute a predicted indentation depth as a function of stress. The minimum permissible probing needle tip diameter is determined based on an evaluation of the function.

The object of the application is a measuring method for geometrical parameters of a tobacco industry's multi-segment rod-like article (1, 1′, 1″), by means of a beam of electromagnetic radiation (6A) directed at the article (1, 1′, 1″), characterised in that by means of a radiation receiving device (7) a radiation (7A) emitted by the tobacco industry's multi-segment article (1, 1′, 1″) under the influence of excitation induced by the radiation (6A) directed at the tobacco industry's multi-segment article (1, 1′, 1″) is received, and a signal (32) corresponding to the received radiation (7 A) is generated. Furthermore, in the radiation receiving device (7) or using processing means (33) in the control system (30) of such device the signal (32) corresponding to the radiation (7A) received by the radiation receiving device (7) is processed and on the basis thereof an image (P, P′, P″) corresponding to the view of the multi-segment article (1, 1′, 1″) is created. Then, with the use of the processing means (33), based on the difference in intensity of the radiation (7A) emitted by the tobacco industry's multi-segment article (1, 1′, 1″) visible in the created image (P, P′, P″), the geometrical parameters of the article (1, 1′, 1″) are determined. Furthermore, with the use of the processing means (33), based on the position of geometric elements of the article (1, 1′, 1″) in the image (P, P′, P″), the geometrical parameters of the multi-segment article (1, 1′, 1″) are measured.

The object of the application is a measuring method for geometrical parameters of a tobacco industry's multi-segment rod-like article (1, 1′, 1″), by means of a beam of electromagnetic radiation (6A) directed at the article (1, 1′, 1″), characterised in that by means of a radiation receiving device (7) a radiation (7A) emitted by the tobacco industry's multi-segment article (1, 1′, 1″) under the influence of excitation induced by the radiation (6A) directed at the tobacco industry's multi-segment article (1, 1′, 1″) is received, and a signal (32) corresponding to the received radiation (7 A) is generated. Furthermore, in the radiation receiving device (7) or using processing means (33) in the control system (30) of such device the signal (32) corresponding to the radiation (7A) received by the radiation receiving device (7) is processed and on the basis thereof an image (P, P′, P″) corresponding to the view of the multi-segment article (1, 1′, 1″) is created. Then, with the use of the processing means (33), based on the difference in intensity of the radiation (7A) emitted by the tobacco industry's multi-segment article (1, 1′, 1″) visible in the created image (P, P′, P″), the geometrical parameters of the article (1, 1′, 1″) are determined. Furthermore, with the use of the processing means (33), based on the position of geometric elements of the article (1, 1′, 1″) in the image (P, P′, P″), the geometrical parameters of the multi-segment article (1, 1′, 1″) are measured.

Methods and apparatus for evaluating the geometric properties of optical fiber preforms, which methods include: providing an optical fiber preform having a longitudinal axis, an outer diameter and a circumference; providing a two-dimensional pattern having a length parallel to the longitudinal axis of the preform and a width greater than the outer diameter of the preform; providing an image capturing device disposed such that the preform is aligned between the pattern and the image capturing device; rotating the preform about its longitudinal axis and acquiring a first plurality of images of the pattern viewed through the preform at at least two different points along the circumference of the preform; and determining at least one geometric property of the preform from the first plurality of images.

A three-dimensional measurement method of geometric parameters of a rope or a cable provides for obtaining a three-dimensional representation of a plurality of 3D contour points of the rope or cable and calculating the geometric parameters thereof, such as diameter, roundness and axis. A calibrated three-dimensional optical measurement system for measuring geometric parameters includes a plurality of digital image acquisition devices and a digital image processing device configured to perform the steps of the three-dimensional measurement method.

A three-dimensional measurement method of geometric parameters of a rope or a cable provides for obtaining a three-dimensional representation of a plurality of 3D contour points of the rope or cable and calculating the geometric parameters thereof, such as diameter, roundness and axis. A calibrated three-dimensional optical measurement system for measuring geometric parameters includes a plurality of digital image acquisition devices and a digital image processing device configured to perform the steps of the three-dimensional measurement method.

The current embodiments provide a system for determining a parameter of a tire component. The system may have a background surface, a first measurement device configured to measure a dimension with respect to the reference surface and a support surface located at least partially between the first measurement device and the reference surface, where the support surface is configured to support the tire component. The parameter may correspond to the dimension on the background surface.

A testing device determines the presence of substances on a surface using a sensor positioned at a known vantage point to the surface. A liquid dispenser deposits a liquid drop on the surface. A data generator after a first time interval for allowing the liquid drop to stabilize on the surface detects, via the sensor, a geometric characteristic of the liquid drop that is related to a first equilibrium contact angle of the liquid drop to the surface. The data generator after a second time interval detects via the sensor the geometric characteristic of the liquid drop that is related to a second equilibrium contact angle. The data generator compares the first and second contact angle and determines a contamination on the surface that is soluble in the liquid drop in response to a change between the first and second contact angles.