A battery pack according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a battery assembly, a resonant device disposed about the battery assembly, a bracket located between the battery assembly and the resonant device, and at least one modulating device located between the bracket and the resonant device.

A sensing system includes: a surface acoustic wave sensor with a first surface acoustic wave device-and a second surface acoustic wave device; a sensing apparatus detecting an electrical characteristic of the first and second surface acoustic wave devices connected to the surface acoustic wave sensor; and a control apparatus calculating a physical quantity acting on one of a target to which the surface acoustic wave sensor is attached and the surface acoustic wave sensor. The sensitivity ratio of a first physical quantity and the sensitivity of a second physical quantity are different, and a third physical quantity is removable by averaging. The control apparatus removes the first physical quantity based on the results of a comparison operation on sensor signals from the first and second surface acoustic wave elements, uses the averaging process to remove the third physical quantity, and thereby calculates the second physical quantity.

The present invention relates to a safety diagnosis method for a structure using a nonlinear ultrasonic wave modulation technique. The safety diagnosis method includes: making the structure vibrate by applying signals of different ultrasonic frequencies; converting the responses of the structure generated by the vibration into digital signals; extracting first modulation signals by subtracting the harmonic responses and the linear responses of the signals of different ultrasonic frequencies from the digital signals and synchronously demodulating the digital signals; constructing a first sideband spectrogram by combining the first modulation signals generated by continuously changing at least frequency among the signals of different ultrasonic frequencies; and deciding whether the structure is cracked based on the first sideband spectrogram. Even though the power of the ultrasonic wave applied to the structure is very small as compared with the related art, whether there is the damage is precisely decided, and thus power consumption may be reduced.

The present invention relates to a safety diagnosis method for a structure using a nonlinear ultrasonic wave modulation technique. The safety diagnosis method includes: making the structure vibrate by applying signals of different ultrasonic frequencies; converting the responses of the structure generated by the vibration into digital signals; extracting first modulation signals by subtracting the harmonic responses and the linear responses of the signals of different ultrasonic frequencies from the digital signals and synchronously demodulating the digital signals; constructing a first sideband spectrogram by combining the first modulation signals generated by continuously changing at least frequency among the signals of different ultrasonic frequencies; and deciding whether the structure is cracked based on the first sideband spectrogram. Even though the power of the ultrasonic wave applied to the structure is very small as compared with the related art, whether there is the damage is precisely decided, and thus power consumption may be reduced.

The invention pertains to a method for respectively determining the neutral temperature or the stressfree state in a rail section (1), wherein an ultrasonic signal is coupled into a representative volume of the rail profile perpendicular to its longitudinal direction, wherein the volume is subjected to stresses in the longitudinal direction of the rail section (1), wherein the stresses are measured, wherein an ultrasonic signal influenced by these stresses is decoupled, wherein a function describing the functional dependence of the decoupled ultrasonic signal on the introduced stress is determined, and wherein the stressfree state is determined based on the course of this function.

The invention pertains to a method for respectively determining the neutral temperature or the stressfree state in a rail section (1), wherein an ultrasonic signal is coupled into a representative volume of the rail profile perpendicular to its longitudinal direction, wherein the volume is subjected to stresses in the longitudinal direction of the rail section (1), wherein the stresses are measured, wherein an ultrasonic signal influenced by these stresses is decoupled, wherein a function describing the functional dependence of the decoupled ultrasonic signal on the introduced stress is determined, and wherein the stressfree state is determined based on the course of this function.

A structural health monitoring method includes directly forming an acoustic transducer on a surface of a structure to be monitored; generating, by the acoustic transducer, an acoustic wave to apply stress loading to a region of interest on the structure; and detecting a presence of a defect in the region of interest. Detecting includes a non-contact optical imaging of the region of interest with and without the stress loading and an analysis of imaging data from the non-contact optical imaging.

A structural health monitoring method includes directly forming an acoustic transducer on a surface of a structure to be monitored; generating, by the acoustic transducer, an acoustic wave to apply stress loading to a region of interest on the structure; and detecting a presence of a defect in the region of interest. Detecting includes a non-contact optical imaging of the region of interest with and without the stress loading and an analysis of imaging data from the non-contact optical imaging.

Systems and methods resolve stresses in additive manufacturing. A stress resolution profile including frequency and amplitude parameters of an ultrasonic input are determined based on physical properties of the product. Successive layers of a material are added and energy is applied to incorporate the material of each layer into the product. An ultrasonic input is applied with the determined parameters to resolve stress as the product is built up. The ultrasonic input is varied as a depth of the material incorporated into the product increases.

The invention relates to an enveloping body for at least partially recording a contour of a limb, wherein the enveloping body has a base body, and at least one sensor that is configured to record measurement data which can be used to determine a distance and/or relative position between two points in or on the base body.