A deterioration determination apparatus according to one or more embodiments may include: an information obtainment unit configured to obtain information on deformation of a suction portion that is configured to hold an object by suction with negative pressure and elastically deforms by the negative pressure; and a deterioration determination unit configured to determine whether or not the suction portion has deteriorated, depending on the deformation of the suction portion occurring when the suction portion holds the object by suction.

An example of a concentric probe includes an outer shroud having a bore that extends through the outer shroud, an inner shroud located within the outer shroud and having a bore that extends through the inner shroud, the inner shroud joined to the outer shroud via brazing, an annulus defined by a space between the inner shroud and a wall of the bore of the outer shroud, a plenum defined by a space between the inner shroud and the wall of the bore of the outer shroud, the plenum being in fluid communication with the annulus, and a transducer disposed within inner shroud.

A dam slope deformation monitoring system and method are provided. The monitoring system monitors an entire dam in a reservoir area by using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry system, and determines an encrypted monitoring area (steep slope) with the relatively large deformation and a relatively large digital elevation difference; determines, in the intensive monitoring area, a first level key monitoring area with the larger deformation by using a ground-based radar interferometry measurement system; determines, in the first level key monitoring area, a second level key monitoring area with the larger deformation by using a ground-based three-dimensional lidar measurement system; determines, in the second level key monitoring area, a key monitoring particle with a high deformation speed by using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The core chip stack is used to monitor and warn the collapse process in the area where the key monitoring particles are located.

A dam slope deformation monitoring system and method are provided. The monitoring system monitors an entire dam in a reservoir area by using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry system, and determines an encrypted monitoring area (steep slope) with the relatively large deformation and a relatively large digital elevation difference; determines, in the intensive monitoring area, a first level key monitoring area with the larger deformation by using a ground-based radar interferometry measurement system; determines, in the first level key monitoring area, a second level key monitoring area with the larger deformation by using a ground-based three-dimensional lidar measurement system; determines, in the second level key monitoring area, a key monitoring particle with a high deformation speed by using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The core chip stack is used to monitor and warn the collapse process in the area where the key monitoring particles are located.

A measurement device is disclosed for measuring a change in one or more of a circumference or a perimeter of at least a portion of an object having a surface. The measurement device includes a first part for attachment to the object, a second part having a first portion moveable relative to a first portion of the first part, a determining device for determining a displacement of the first portion of the second part relative to the first portion of the first part caused by the object changing, and a biasing device for biasing the first part and the second part towards engagement. The measured displacement is for use in determining the change in one or more of a circumference or a perimeter of the object.

The disclosure provides a method for determining a slope slip plane with a gently-inclined soft interlayer, including: S1, determining a curve formed with a slip arc of a trailing edge tearing plane, a soft interlayer plane and a slip arc of a leading edge shear opening as a slope slip plane; S2, calculating a slip plane stability coefficient; S3, determination of a position of the gently-inclined soft interlayer plane: if the slip plane stability coefficient is less than 1 but close to 1, determining that the position of the slope slip plane is accurate; otherwise, moving the position of the soft interlayer plane and repeating steps S1 and S2, until the slip plane stability coefficient is less than 1 and close to 1. The method is simple, and has a high accuracy for determining a non-circular slip plane with a soft interlayer as a bottom slip plane.

The disclosure provides a method for determining a slope slip plane with a gently-inclined soft interlayer, including: S1, determining a curve formed with a slip arc of a trailing edge tearing plane, a soft interlayer plane and a slip arc of a leading edge shear opening as a slope slip plane; S2, calculating a slip plane stability coefficient; S3, determination of a position of the gently-inclined soft interlayer plane: if the slip plane stability coefficient is less than 1 but close to 1, determining that the position of the slope slip plane is accurate; otherwise, moving the position of the soft interlayer plane and repeating steps S1 and S2, until the slip plane stability coefficient is less than 1 and close to 1. The method is simple, and has a high accuracy for determining a non-circular slip plane with a soft interlayer as a bottom slip plane.

Traversable strain sensor readers for reading a plurality strain sensor reference features on a turbine component include a traversing system configured to traverse the traversable strain sensor reader along at least a portion of the turbine component, and a reader configured to read at least a portion of the plurality of strain sensor reference features while the traversing system traverses the traversable strain sensor reader along at least the portion of the turbine component.

Traversable strain sensor readers for reading a plurality strain sensor reference features on a turbine component include a traversing system configured to traverse the traversable strain sensor reader along at least a portion of the turbine component, and a reader configured to read at least a portion of the plurality of strain sensor reference features while the traversing system traverses the traversable strain sensor reader along at least the portion of the turbine component.

A structure for strain detection is provided with a ceramic main body which is attached to a detection target, in which strain is to be detected, and a stress concentrated section which is formed in the main body and which is fractured at a predetermined strain or greater. Assuming the dimension of the entire main body in one direction is represented by Lm and the dimension of the stress concentrated section in the one direction is represented by Lc, then it holds that Lc<Lm. The stress concentrated section is constituted by a thin-walled portion in the one direction.