An aerosol-generating system includes a liquid storage for holding a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, a first pair of electrodes, a second pair of electrodes and a control system. The liquid storage includes a first portion in fluid communication with a second portion. The first pair of electrodes is adjacent to or in the first portion of the liquid storage. The second pair of electrodes is adjacent to or in the second portion of the liquid storage portion. The control system is configured to measure an electrical quantity between the first pair of electrodes, measure an electrical quantity between the second pair of electrodes, and determine the orientation of the liquid storage portion based on the electrical quantity between the first pair of electrodes and the electrical quantity between the second pair of electrodes.

An aerosol-generating system includes a liquid storage for holding a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, a first pair of electrodes, a second pair of electrodes and a control system. The liquid storage includes a first portion in fluid communication with a second portion. The first pair of electrodes is adjacent to or in the first portion of the liquid storage. The second pair of electrodes is adjacent to or in the second portion of the liquid storage portion. The control system is configured to measure an electrical quantity between the first pair of electrodes, measure an electrical quantity between the second pair of electrodes, and determine the orientation of the liquid storage portion based on the electrical quantity between the first pair of electrodes and the electrical quantity between the second pair of electrodes.

Provided is a tilt angle sensor. The tile angle sensor includes a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a reference single mode optical fiber, and a sensing single mode optical fiber. An output end of the first directional coupler is connected to a first end of the reference single mode optical fiber and a first end of the sensing single mode optical fiber. A second end of the reference single mode optical fiber and a second end of the sensing single mode optical fiber are connected to an input end of the second directional coupler. A groove having a depth less than or equal to a thickness of a wall of a cladding of the sensing single mode optical fiber is formed on the cladding. The groove is filled and sealed with two liquids of different densities and un-dissolvable with each other, and the two liquids form layers.

Provided is a tilt angle sensor. The tile angle sensor includes a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a reference single mode optical fiber, and a sensing single mode optical fiber. An output end of the first directional coupler is connected to a first end of the reference single mode optical fiber and a first end of the sensing single mode optical fiber. A second end of the reference single mode optical fiber and a second end of the sensing single mode optical fiber are connected to an input end of the second directional coupler. A groove having a depth less than or equal to a thickness of a wall of a cladding of the sensing single mode optical fiber is formed on the cladding. The groove is filled and sealed with two liquids of different densities and un-dissolvable with each other, and the two liquids form layers.

A vehicle-position monitoring system includes liquid-capacitive inclinometer sensor, configured to provide a measurement of grade (.sub.grade) of a surface over which a vehicle travels, and an accelerometer to measure acceleration of the vehicle along a principal axis (a.sub.x) of the vehicle along the surface. Direct measurement of the grade (.sub.grade) provides a position-tracking system with accurate information to extract acceleration due to motoring and braking (a.sub.MB) form acceleration experienced along the principal axis and track vehicle position without regard to wheel diameter calibration.

A vehicle-position monitoring system includes liquid-capacitive inclinometer sensor, configured to provide a measurement of grade (.sub.grade) of a surface over which a vehicle travels, and an accelerometer to measure acceleration of the vehicle along a principal axis (a.sub.x) of the vehicle along the surface. Direct measurement of the grade (.sub.grade) provides a position-tracking system with accurate information to extract acceleration due to motoring and braking (a.sub.MB) form acceleration experienced along the principal axis and track vehicle position without regard to wheel diameter calibration.

A state visualizer according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes an optical member including a fixed part that has a fixed relative positional relationship with an object to be measured and a movable part that is movably supported by the fixed part and keeps a constant angle with respect to a gravity direction, the optical member retroreflecting a light or an electromagnetic wave in a case where the fixed part and the movable part are in a predetermined positional relationship. The optical member changes an intensity of the light or the electromagnetic wave reflected in a retroreflection direction in accordance with a change of a relative positional relationship between the fixed part and the movable part.

A state visualizer according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes an optical member including a fixed part that has a fixed relative positional relationship with an object to be measured and a movable part that is movably supported by the fixed part and keeps a constant angle with respect to a gravity direction, the optical member retroreflecting a light or an electromagnetic wave in a case where the fixed part and the movable part are in a predetermined positional relationship. The optical member changes an intensity of the light or the electromagnetic wave reflected in a retroreflection direction in accordance with a change of a relative positional relationship between the fixed part and the movable part.

A carpentry device including a main arm having a width and length configured to measure distances of an object. The main arm can include indicia markings on a face of the main arm for measuring distances of an object. The main arm can be formed from one or more sections configured to extend or retract in a longitudinal direction, including at least one supplemental arm extending from at least one connection point at an end of the main arm such that the at least one supplemental arm can rotate about the at least one connection point. A digital angle finder can be attached to the at least one connection point to display an angle between the at least one connection point and the main arm. A bubble level can be attached to the face of the main arm.

Level tools and level indicating devices for determining the angle of a vertically oriented object relative to both level and plumb capable of being read without requiring the tool's user to change his or her position or the position of the level tool.