When the measurement values measured by a first sensor among a plurality of sensors installed in a dispersed manner at a specific location, in first cycles are determined to be abnormal values, a control device activates the first sensor in second cycles that are shorter than the first cycles. Moreover, when the abnormal values are included in the trend of temporal variation, the control device activates a plurality of second sensors, which is installed around the first sensor, in the second cycles. Moreover, when the measurement values measured by the first sensor and the plurality of second sensors in the second cycles are included in the trend of surface-direction distribution, the control device outputs the measurement values measured by the first sensor and the plurality of second sensors.

When the measurement values measured by a first sensor among a plurality of sensors installed in a dispersed manner at a specific location, in first cycles are determined to be abnormal values, a control device activates the first sensor in second cycles that are shorter than the first cycles. Moreover, when the abnormal values are included in the trend of temporal variation, the control device activates a plurality of second sensors, which is installed around the first sensor, in the second cycles. Moreover, when the measurement values measured by the first sensor and the plurality of second sensors in the second cycles are included in the trend of surface-direction distribution, the control device outputs the measurement values measured by the first sensor and the plurality of second sensors.

A measuring system for detecting a physical parameter, includes a measuring sensor for detecting the physical parameter, which sensor has a first, second and at least one third terminal. The measuring system also includes a first power supply unit for outputting electrical energy to the measuring sensor with a first voltage with respect to a first ground potential via the first and the second terminal, and a second power supply unit for outputting electrical energy to the measuring sensor with a second voltage with respect to a second ground potential via the third and the second terminal or a fourth terminal. The first ground potential can differ from the second ground potential at least temporarily. The first power supply unit includes an additional voltage source via which the second terminal is electrically connected to the first ground potential.

A redundant resolver is configured of a stator and a rotor that form a pair, wherein the rotor is a rotor with a shaft angle multiplier of Nx having Nx (Nx is a natural number) salient poles, the stator is such that n teeth T1 to Tn, where n is a natural number, are disposed sequentially in a circumferential direction, configuring M systems by being divided into M in the circumferential direction, and having an angle of 360/M degrees when angles of the teeth configuring one system are totaled, a one-phase excitation winding and a two-phase output winding are wound around each of the teeth T1 to Tn, excitation signals of the same frequency are applied by differing excitation circuits to the respective excitation windings, an output order per system is Nout (Nout is a natural number), and an abnormality is detected based on output signals of the M systems.

A redundant resolver is configured of a stator and a rotor that form a pair, wherein the rotor is a rotor with a shaft angle multiplier of Nx having Nx (Nx is a natural number) salient poles, the stator is such that n teeth T1 to Tn, where n is a natural number, are disposed sequentially in a circumferential direction, configuring M systems by being divided into M in the circumferential direction, and having an angle of 360/M degrees when angles of the teeth configuring one system are totaled, a one-phase excitation winding and a two-phase output winding are wound around each of the teeth T1 to Tn, excitation signals of the same frequency are applied by differing excitation circuits to the respective excitation windings, an output order per system is Nout (Nout is a natural number), and an abnormality is detected based on output signals of the M systems.

A position sensor according to the present invention includes: a magnet configured to move together with a moving body and generate a first magnetic flux along a specific movement direction of the moving body and a second magnetic flux along the opposite direction to the specific movement direction of the moving body; and a sensor configured to detect the direction of the first magnetic flux and the direction of the second magnetic flux. The magnet is configured by at least one magnet having at least two pairs of magnetic poles to be paired formed thereon.

The method comprises producing a measurement signal (s1) having a signal parameter, followed with a temporal change (Δx1/Δt; Δx1′/Δt) of a primary measured variable (x1) and a temporal change (Δy1/Δt) of a disturbing variable (Δ1), and producing a measurement signal (s2) having a signal parameter, followed by a temporal change (Δx2/Δt; Δx2′/Δt) of a primary measured variable (x2). The method comprises ascertaining measured values (X.sub.I) of first type representing the primary measured variable (x1) or a secondary measured variable (f(x1) Δx1′) of measured values (X.sub.II) of second type representing the primary measured variable (x2) or a secondary measured variable (f(x2) Δx2′). The method comprises using measured values (X.sub.I) of first type and measured values (X.sub.II) of second type for ascertaining an error characterizing number (Err) representing a velocity error (ΔX.sub.I/ΔX.sub.II) caused by a change of the disturbing variable (y1).

Methods, computing systems, and computer-readable media for detecting sensor malfunctioning status. The method includes receiving sensor measurements of a first type from a first type of sensor, deriving a first value for a metric from the sensor measurements of the first type, receiving sensor measurements of a second type from a second type of sensor, wherein the second measurements of the second type include a second value for the metric, comparing the first value to the second value, determining whether the first type of sensor or the second type of sensor is malfunctioning based on the comparing, and storing or outputting information indicating whether first type of sensor and the second type of sensor are malfunctioning.

Methods, computing systems, and computer-readable media for detecting sensor malfunctioning status. The method includes receiving sensor measurements of a first type from a first type of sensor, deriving a first value for a metric from the sensor measurements of the first type, receiving sensor measurements of a second type from a second type of sensor, wherein the second measurements of the second type include a second value for the metric, comparing the first value to the second value, determining whether the first type of sensor or the second type of sensor is malfunctioning based on the comparing, and storing or outputting information indicating whether first type of sensor and the second type of sensor are malfunctioning.

A first MR sensor and a second MR sensor are a combination of a first magnetic resistance effect element pattern and a second magnetic resistance effect element pattern. The first MR sensor and the second MR sensor are disposed a prescribed distance apart such that, when the first MR sensor receives the greatest quantity of the magnetic field component of a magnet oriented parallel to the axial direction of a piston, the second MR sensor receives the greatest quantity of the magnetic field component of a magnet oriented parallel to the radial direction of the piston.