A floating calibration target for an image sensor can include a plurality of hexagonally shaped floatation devices that each emit light at one or more predetermined wavelengths. The floating calibration target can also include a seine net circumscribing the plurality of hexagonally shaped floatation devices. The seine net draws the plurality of hexagonally shaped floatation devices toward each other to form a substantially contiguous surface for the floating calibration target.

The present invention generally pertains to methods and kits for managing the variation in spectroscopic intensity measurements through the use of a reference component. The reference component may comprise a reference spectroscopic substance and may be contained together with a sample of interest in a sample to be tested, wherein the sample of interest may comprise a sample spectroscopic substance. Each sample to be tested may be uniquely identified and, hence, barcoded by combinations of different colors and concentrations of spectroscopic substances, contained therein.

An apparatus and method for customized hair-coloring is disclosed. In some embodiments the method comprises: a. performing a plurality of light-scattering measurements upon a sample of hair such that for each light-scattering measurement, the sample of hair is illuminated from a different respective direction; b. comparing the results of the light-scattering measurements; c. in accordance with results of the comparing, computing an initial damage-state of hair of the sample by comparing the results of the light-scattering measurements; d. obtaining an initial color-state of the hair of the sample; and e. computing a hair-coloring composition that is predicted to transform the hair sample from the initial color-state to a target color-state such that in response to a determining of a greater (lesser) extent of initial damage, a concentration of artificial-colorant(s) within the computed coloring composition is reduced (increased).

An earphone includes an audio transmitter, a housing, a sound passage pipe, a radiator, and a light receiver. The audio transmitter transmits sound. The housing has an internal space for containing the audio transmitter. The sound passage pipe guides sound produced at the audio transmitter into an external auditory canal. The radiator radiates light into the external auditory canal. The light receiver is disposed in the internal space of the housing. The light receiver converts the light into a signal, the light having been reflected off the external auditory canal and passed through an internal space of the sound passage pipe. The housing, the sound passage pipe, and the radiator are disposed in this order.

A sensitivity parameter storing portion stores, as known sensitivity parameters owned by a flame sensor, reference received light quantity, reference pulse width, probability of regular discharge, and probabilities of non-regular discharge in advance. The discharge probability is calculated based on the number of drive pulses applied to the flame sensor and the number of discharges determined to have occurred in the flame sensor having received the drive pulses. The calculated discharge probability and the known sensitivity parameters are used to calculate the received light quantity per unit time received by the flame sensor.

An approach for controlling ultraviolet intensity over a surface of a light sensitive object is described. Aspects involve using ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength range that includes ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B radiation to irradiate the surface. Light sensors measure light intensity at the surface, wherein each sensor measures light intensity in a wavelength range that corresponds to a wavelength range emitted from at least one of the sources. A controller controls the light intensity over the surface by adjusting the power of the sources as a function of the light intensity measurements. The controller uses the light intensity measurements to determine whether each source is illuminating the surface with an intensity that is within an acceptable variation with a predetermined intensity value targeted for the surface. The controller adjusts the power of the sources as a function of the variation to ensure an optimal distribution of light intensity over the surface.

A sensor arrangement comprises at least a first, a second, and a third light sensor. A three-dimensional framework comprises at least a first, a second, and a third connection means which are connected to the at least first, second, and third light sensor, respectively. The first, the second, and the third connection means are configured to align the at least first, second, and third light sensor along a first, second, and third face of a polyhedron-like volume, respectively, such that the sensor arrangement encloses the polyhedron-like volume. The invention also relates to a method for operating the sensor arrangement.

A sensor arrangement comprises at least a first, a second, and a third light sensor. A three-dimensional framework comprises at least a first, a second, and a third connection means which are connected to the at least first, second, and third light sensor, respectively. The first, the second, and the third connection means are configured to align the at least first, second, and third light sensor along a first, second, and third face of a polyhedron-like volume, respectively, such that the sensor arrangement encloses the polyhedron-like volume. The invention also relates to a method for operating the sensor arrangement.

A material inspection apparatus includes a light source, a light receiver, a light converter, and a processing unit. The light source is configured to emit light to a surface of an object to be inspected. The light receiver is configured to receive light reflected from the surface of the object. The light converter is configured to convert the light received by the light receiver into an electric current. The processing unit is configured to determine, according to the electric current, a material of the surface of the object.

A material inspection apparatus includes a light source, a light receiver, a light converter, and a processing unit. The light source is configured to emit light to a surface of an object to be inspected. The light receiver is configured to receive light reflected from the surface of the object. The light converter is configured to convert the light received by the light receiver into an electric current. The processing unit is configured to determine, according to the electric current, a material of the surface of the object.