Apparatus and methods are provided for use with a capsule that contains a smoking material containing one or more active agents. A smoking device vaporizes one or more of the active agents from within the smoking material by heating the smoking material. Two or more sensors, each of which is configured to detect a temperature of the capsule at the same location along a length of the capsule as each other. Other applications are also described.

Apparatus and methods are provided for use with a capsule that contains a smoking material containing one or more active agents. A smoking device vaporizes one or more of the active agents from within the smoking material by heating the smoking material. Two or more sensors, each of which is configured to detect a temperature of the capsule at the same location along a length of the capsule as each other. Other applications are also described.

Apparatus and methods are provided for use with a cylindrically-shaped capsule that contains a smoking material containing one or more active agents. A smoking device receives the cylindrically-shaped capsule that contains the smoking material and flattens at least part of a portion of the capsule that contains the smoking material. The smoking device vaporizes one or more of the active agents from within the smoking material by heating the smoking material while at least part of the portion of the capsule that contains the smoking material is in a flattened configuration. Other applications are also described.

Apparatus and methods are provided for use with a cylindrically-shaped capsule that contains a smoking material containing one or more active agents. A smoking device receives the cylindrically-shaped capsule that contains the smoking material and flattens at least part of a portion of the capsule that contains the smoking material. The smoking device vaporizes one or more of the active agents from within the smoking material by heating the smoking material while at least part of the portion of the capsule that contains the smoking material is in a flattened configuration. Other applications are also described.

A propulsion system includes a battery, a plurality of temperature sensors, and a controller. The battery includes a plurality of battery cells. Each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors is disposed at a respective battery cell of the plurality of battery cells. The controller includes a first control channel and a second control channel. The first control channel is connected in signal communication with the plurality of temperature sensors. The second control channel is connected in signal communication with the plurality of temperature sensors. Each of the first control channel and the second control channel is configured to monitor a temperature of each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells measured using the plurality of temperature sensors.

A propulsion system includes a battery, a plurality of temperature sensors, and a controller. The battery includes a plurality of battery cells. Each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors is disposed at a respective battery cell of the plurality of battery cells. The controller includes a first control channel and a second control channel. The first control channel is connected in signal communication with the plurality of temperature sensors. The second control channel is connected in signal communication with the plurality of temperature sensors. Each of the first control channel and the second control channel is configured to monitor a temperature of each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells measured using the plurality of temperature sensors.

An example acoustic measurement system includes a container comprising a container wall structurally defining an internal cavity of the container, a process fluid disposed within the internal cavity, a first acoustic sensor coupled to an external surface of the container wall, and a second acoustic sensor coupled to the external surface of the container wall, the first and second acoustic sensors configured to emit ultrasonic waves according to different modalities, wherein, in operation, the system is configured to compensate for temperature in near real-time to acoustically determine container wall thickness measurements. In some embodiments, the second acoustic sensor is proximate the first acoustic sensor and in some further embodiments, a third acoustic sensor is coupled to the external surface of the container wall at a calculated distance from at least the second acoustic sensor. The second and third acoustic sensors may be configured to emit and receive acoustic waves, including bulk, interface, and/or guided waves, wherein, in operation, the system is configured to determined one or more physical properties of the process fluid in short-range.

An example acoustic measurement system includes a container comprising a container wall structurally defining an internal cavity of the container, a process fluid disposed within the internal cavity, a first acoustic sensor coupled to an external surface of the container wall, and a second acoustic sensor coupled to the external surface of the container wall, the first and second acoustic sensors configured to emit ultrasonic waves according to different modalities, wherein, in operation, the system is configured to compensate for temperature in near real-time to acoustically determine container wall thickness measurements. In some embodiments, the second acoustic sensor is proximate the first acoustic sensor and in some further embodiments, a third acoustic sensor is coupled to the external surface of the container wall at a calculated distance from at least the second acoustic sensor. The second and third acoustic sensors may be configured to emit and receive acoustic waves, including bulk, interface, and/or guided waves, wherein, in operation, the system is configured to determined one or more physical properties of the process fluid in short-range.