A wearable thermometer patch includes a flexible circuit substrate comprising an electric circuit and an opening, a thermally conductive cup having a bottom portion plugged into the opening and fixed to the flexible circuit substrate, and a temperature sensor inside the thermally conductive cup. The temperature sensor is in thermal conduction with the thermally conductive cup. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the electric circuit in the flexible circuit substrate.

A wearable thermometer patch includes a flexible circuit substrate comprising an electric circuit and an opening, a thermally conductive cup having a bottom portion plugged into the opening and fixed to the flexible circuit substrate, and a temperature sensor inside the thermally conductive cup. The temperature sensor is in thermal conduction with the thermally conductive cup. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the electric circuit in the flexible circuit substrate.

A method is provided for the detection of melt adjacent to the exterior of a bushing in an induction channel furnace. An electrically conductive mesh is disposed around the exterior surface of the bushing facing a refractory that separates the bushing from a channel in which molten metal (melt) flows. The mesh is connected to a grounded voltage source so that when an electrically conductive melt at ground potential in the channel breaches the refractory and penetrates the electrically conductive mesh an electrical circuit is completed through the melt and the grounded voltage source.

A current sensing noise thermometer comprising: a sensor resistor thermally coupled to a target to be measured; a superconducting coil; superconducting thermal breaks between respective ends of the sensor resistor and respective ends of the superconducting coil; and a superconducting flux sensor; wherein the sensor resistor, superconducting coil and superconducting thermal breaks form a loop inductively coupled to the superconducting flux sensor. There may be a noise filter between the sensor resistor and the superconducting coil.

A current sensing noise thermometer comprising: a sensor resistor thermally coupled to a target to be measured; a superconducting coil; superconducting thermal breaks between respective ends of the sensor resistor and respective ends of the superconducting coil; and a superconducting flux sensor; wherein the sensor resistor, superconducting coil and superconducting thermal breaks form a loop inductively coupled to the superconducting flux sensor. There may be a noise filter between the sensor resistor and the superconducting coil.