A system for protection from fires and electrical shock of components used in construction of electrical systems is disclosed using a sensing degree of characteristic before an arc fault, with the purpose to detect, annunciate, and remove the hazard before an electrical arc occurs.

A method of manufacturing an overheat bleed air detector includes providing a first elongate member having an inner surface that defines a plurality of grooves that extend from the first elongate member first end towards a first elongate member second end. The method further includes providing a second elongate member made of a ceramic based material and inserting the second elongate member within the first elongate member. An outer surface of the second elongate member is spaced apart from the inner surface of the first elongate member. The method still further includes inserting a center wire within the second elongate member.

There are provided: a thermal history change type indicator by which the degree of reconstitution with hot water of instant cup noodles can be easily visually recognized in conjunction with the temperature in a container; and a set of a thermal history change type indicator and instant cup noodles comprising the thermal history change type indicator and instant cup noodles.

The thermal history change type indicator comprises: a thermally meltable material layer containing a thermally meltable material; a permeation layer, wherein the permeation layer becomes transparent or translucent when the thermally meltable material melts and permeates the permeation layer; a thermally meltable material permeation-inhibiting layer for inhibiting the permeation of the thermally meltable material into the permeation layer, wherein the thermally meltable material permeation-inhibiting layer is arranged between the thermally meltable material layer and the permeation layer; and a protective layer, wherein the thermally meltable material layer, the permeation layer, and the thermally meltable material permeation-inhibiting layer are layered, and the permeation layer side of the layered product is covered with the protective layer. The set of a thermal history change type indicator and instant cup noodles comprises the thermal history change type indicator and instant cup noodles. FIG. 1

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a temperature detection label capable of preventing falsification using a simple structure. To solve this problem, the present invention provides a temperature detection label that is characterized by comprising a supporting member and a temperature detection part provided on the supporting member and in that: the temperature detection part has a temperature detection material that, in a heating process, starts color development at temperature T.sub.1 and starts losing color as a result of melting at temperature T.sub.2 and, in a cooling process, solidifies while remaining colorless by being cooled to temperature T.sub.1 or lower; the temperature detection material includes a leuco dye, decolorizer, and developer; and the temperature detection label also comprises a member having an appearance that changes between T.sub.1 and T.sub.2, inclusive, or a high-melting-point material having a melting point or glass transition temperature higher than T.sub.2.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a temperature detection label capable of preventing falsification using a simple structure. To solve this problem, the present invention provides a temperature detection label that is characterized by comprising a supporting member and a temperature detection part provided on the supporting member and in that: the temperature detection part has a temperature detection material that, in a heating process, starts color development at temperature T.sub.1 and starts losing color as a result of melting at temperature T.sub.2 and, in a cooling process, solidifies while remaining colorless by being cooled to temperature T.sub.1 or lower; the temperature detection material includes a leuco dye, decolorizer, and developer; and the temperature detection label also comprises a member having an appearance that changes between T.sub.1 and T.sub.2, inclusive, or a high-melting-point material having a melting point or glass transition temperature higher than T.sub.2.

A sensor includes a body member, a volume change body, and a detection member. The body member has a flat plate-like shape, a first end in a first direction being supported, and a storage space opening at at least one of both end faces in a thickness direction. The volume change body, whose volume changes depending on an amount of a target, is supported by the body member so that at least a part of the volume change body is stored in the storage space. The detection member is in contact with a second end in the first direction of the body member, and detects stress caused by the change in the volume of the volume change body.

A method configured to be executed by a system controller. The method includes obtaining a first metric from a first sensor installed in a first underground vault of a system of interconnected underground vaults, and obtaining a second metric from a second sensor installed in a second underground vault of the system. The first and second underground vaults are in fluid communication with one another via one or more connections. The method also includes locating a gas source based at least in part on one or both of the first and second metrics, and performing an action. The action includes identifying the gas source to one or more users and/or altering a rate of atmospheric turnover in at least a portion of the system.

A method configured to be executed by a system controller. The method includes obtaining a first metric from a first sensor installed in a first underground vault of a system of interconnected underground vaults, and obtaining a second metric from a second sensor installed in a second underground vault of the system. The first and second underground vaults are in fluid communication with one another via one or more connections. The method also includes locating a gas source based at least in part on one or both of the first and second metrics, and performing an action. The action includes identifying the gas source to one or more users and/or altering a rate of atmospheric turnover in at least a portion of the system.

A sensor for passively measuring a maximum temperature within a nuclear reactor comprises a substrate, and a plurality of melt wires within a cavity defined within the substrate, at least one melt wire of the plurality of melt wires exhibiting a variable melting temperature along a length of the at least one melt wire. Related sensors and methods of forming the sensors are also disclosed.

A sensor for passively measuring a maximum temperature within a nuclear reactor comprises a substrate, and a plurality of melt wires within a cavity defined within the substrate, at least one melt wire of the plurality of melt wires exhibiting a variable melting temperature along a length of the at least one melt wire. Related sensors and methods of forming the sensors are also disclosed.