A triple point immersion cell article determines a triple point of a non-metallic analyte and includes: a first cryochamber including a first cryo-zone; a second cryochamber including a second cryo-zone that is: nested and disposed in the first cryochamber; and thermally isolated by the first cryochamber; a third cryochamber including a third cryo-zone, the third cryochamber being: nested and disposed in the second cryochamber; thermally isolated from the exterior environment by the first cryochamber and the second cryochamber; and thermally isolated from the first cryochamber by the second cryochamber; and a fourth cryochamber including a fourth cryo-zone disposed in the third cryochamber; a triple-point pressure vessel disposed in the fourth cryochamber; and a thermowell disposed in the triple-point pressure vessel.

A triple point immersion cell article determines a triple point of a non-metallic analyte and includes: a first cryochamber including a first cryo-zone; a second cryochamber including a second cryo-zone that is: nested and disposed in the first cryochamber; and thermally isolated by the first cryochamber; a third cryochamber including a third cryo-zone, the third cryochamber being: nested and disposed in the second cryochamber; thermally isolated from the exterior environment by the first cryochamber and the second cryochamber; and thermally isolated from the first cryochamber by the second cryochamber; and a fourth cryochamber including a fourth cryo-zone disposed in the third cryochamber; a triple-point pressure vessel disposed in the fourth cryochamber; and a thermowell disposed in the triple-point pressure vessel.

A capacitance sensor circuit is provided, including: a capacitance variable capacitor changing from a first capacitance to a second capacitance corresponding to environmental change; a reference capacitor; and an amplifier circuit charging the capacitance variable capacitor via a first node and the reference capacitor via a second node, and outputting a determination signal. In the amplifier circuit, a differential amplification part generates a potential difference signal obtained by amplifying the potential difference between the first and the second nodes; an output part outputs the determination signal based on the potential difference signal; and when the difference between the increase degrees of the potentials of the first and the second nodes is less than a predetermined value, the output part holds and outputs the determination signal immediately before that state and a bias control part stops a current flowing through the differential amplification part.

A sterilization enclosure comprises one or more sensors for measuring characteristics within the container during a sterilization process, including one or more characteristics of sterilization agent(s), to determine whether instruments disposed within the container have been exposed to threshold process conditions to ensure a desired level of sterilization for those instruments.

A sterilization enclosure comprises one or more sensors for measuring characteristics within the container during a sterilization process, including one or more characteristics of sterilization agent(s), to determine whether instruments disposed within the container have been exposed to threshold process conditions to ensure a desired level of sterilization for those instruments.

Method, apparatus, and computer program product are provided for determining a maximum temperature to which a perishable good or other temperature sensitive item was exposed. In some embodiments, a capacitance of a circuit provided on a substrate is measured. The circuit includes capacitor(s) each having first and second plates separated from each other by an ionic liquid (IL) in a solid state. The IL melts at a predetermined temperature and flows away from the first and second plates into a void. In some embodiments, the predetermined temperature at which the IL melts is different for each capacitor. For example, each capacitor in the circuit may employ a different N-alkyl bezothiazolium salt. A maximum temperature of exposure is determined based on the measured capacitance. In some embodiments, a decision of whether to discard the perishable good or other temperature sensitive item may be based on the determined maximum temperature.

A temperature indicator includes a first element, a second element, and circuitry configured to detect whether the first element is in an open circuit condition or a closed circuit condition relative to a contact. Responsive to the indicator being subjected to a temperature exceeding a threshold, the second element changes in a size thereof to cause a change in engagement between the first element and the contact. The circuitry is configured to output a value based on whether the first element and the contact are in the open circuit condition or the closed circuit condition.

A temperature indicator includes a first element, a second element, and circuitry configured to detect whether the first element is in an open circuit condition or a closed circuit condition relative to a contact. Responsive to the indicator being subjected to a temperature exceeding a threshold, the second element changes in a size thereof to cause a change in engagement between the first element and the contact. The circuitry is configured to output a value based on whether the first element and the contact are in the open circuit condition or the closed circuit condition.

Environmental indicators for monitoring a predetermined environmental exposure, for example, an historical heat exposure such as a cumulative ambient heat exposure and/or a peak ambient heat exposure, may include an environmental indicator material. The environmental indicator may be configured to attach to a host product for monitoring the predetermined environmental exposure of the host product.

Environmental monitors for monitoring a predetermined environmental exposure, for example, an historical heat exposure such as a cumulative ambient heat exposure and/or a peak ambient heat exposure may include an environmental indicator material and a security material. The environmental monitor may be configured to attach to a host product for monitoring the predetermined environmental exposure of the host product, and additionally serve as an anti-counterfeiting indicator.