A load test device includes: a resistor unit that includes a plurality of resistors that receive supplied power and a wall (holding frame) that holds opposite ends of each of the plurality of resistors; and an insulating cap that is attached to a portion of a terminal of the resistor that protrudes from the wall. The cap is composed of a material that is deformed by heat. When a temperature of the terminal becomes equal to or higher than a first temperature, the cap is deformed by heat and detached from the terminal.

A nanoscale temperature sensor is presented that is based on mechano-optical sensing. The temperature sensor features a nanoscale bilayer sensing member with a footprint of <100 nm. The sensing member is composed of two layers of materials with similar elastic modulus but different coefficients of thermal expansion. This difference in coefficients of thermal expansion causes the sensing member to mechanically deform upon temperature change. The deformation of the sensing member alters its optical properties, allowing the temperature measurement to be achieved by far field imaging with high throughput. Both the mechanical and optical properties of the sensing member are reversible thus allow stable and repeatable measurement.

Systems, apparatuses and methods are provided herein for alerting customers to product temperature compliance during delivery whereby a retail product intended to be maintained below one or more temperature threshold values through a supply chain delivery process is identified, a temperature threshold value of the retail product is determined, an irreversible thermochromic indicator having an activation temperature that corresponds to the temperature threshold value of the retail product is identified, the thermochromic indicator is affixed to the retail product prior to commencing the supply chain delivery process, and verification, via a user interface, is obtained from a customer receiving the retail product that the thermochromic indicator is in its inactivated state.

Systems, apparatuses and methods are provided herein for alerting customers to product temperature compliance during delivery whereby a retail product intended to be maintained below one or more temperature threshold values through a supply chain delivery process is identified, a temperature threshold value of the retail product is determined, an irreversible thermochromic indicator having an activation temperature that corresponds to the temperature threshold value of the retail product is identified, the thermochromic indicator is affixed to the retail product prior to commencing the supply chain delivery process, and verification, via a user interface, is obtained from a customer receiving the retail product that the thermochromic indicator is in its inactivated state.

A flexible sensor label including a reservoir chamber configured to store an activation medium, a plurality of first chambers, and a plurality of second chambers. Each first chamber has an associated first temperature and stores an irreversible thermochromic polymer that is altered and irreversibly changes color in response to the activation medium being released and coming into contact with the irreversible thermochromic polymer in the first chamber and an environmental temperature of the flexible sensor label corresponding to the associated first temperature of the first chamber. Each second chamber has an associated second temperature and stores a reversible thermochromic polymer that is altered and reversibly changes color in response to the activation medium being released and coming into contact with the reversible thermochromic polymer in the second chamber and the environmental temperature of the flexible sensor label corresponding to the associated second temperature of the second chamber.

A flexible sensor label including a reservoir chamber configured to store an activation medium, a plurality of first chambers, and a plurality of second chambers. Each first chamber has an associated first temperature and stores an irreversible thermochromic polymer that is altered and irreversibly changes color in response to the activation medium being released and coming into contact with the irreversible thermochromic polymer in the first chamber and an environmental temperature of the flexible sensor label corresponding to the associated first temperature of the first chamber. Each second chamber has an associated second temperature and stores a reversible thermochromic polymer that is altered and reversibly changes color in response to the activation medium being released and coming into contact with the reversible thermochromic polymer in the second chamber and the environmental temperature of the flexible sensor label corresponding to the associated second temperature of the second chamber.

A method of detecting temperature of an electrical terminal. The method includes: applying a material patch to a surface of the electrical terminal, the material patch containing a polymer matrix with a polymeric positive temperature coefficient material which contains a mixture of electrically conductive magnetic particles, whereby the material patch does not appreciably increase the electrical resistance or thermal capacitance of the electrical terminal; and remotely sensing a change in the material patch with an electrically isolated circuit which is external to the electrical terminal to determine if the electrical terminal is operating at a safe temperature to optimize current flow across the electrical terminal.

A method of detecting temperature of an electrical terminal. The method includes: applying a material patch to a surface of the electrical terminal, the material patch containing a polymer matrix with a polymeric positive temperature coefficient material which contains a mixture of electrically conductive magnetic particles, whereby the material patch does not appreciably increase the electrical resistance or thermal capacitance of the electrical terminal; and remotely sensing a change in the material patch with an electrically isolated circuit which is external to the electrical terminal to determine if the electrical terminal is operating at a safe temperature to optimize current flow across the electrical terminal.

A method for analysing a device for spraying a pharmaceutical fluid product including the following steps: providing a spray head of a device for spraying a pharmaceutical fluid product, the spray head having a spray orifice; providing a receiving surface having a plurality of discrete contact zones separated by voids, the contact zones capable of being coated with a heat sensitive material, bringing the receiving surface to a temperature T2, passing a flow of compressed gas through the spray orifice, the flow of compressed gas at a temperature T1 which differs from T2, sending the flow of compressed gas at temperature T1 onto the receiving surface at temperature T2, visualising the impact zone for the flow of compressed gas on the receiving surface, and analysing the visualisation of the impact zone in order to determine whether the spray head complies with predetermined specifications.

A method for analysing a device for spraying a pharmaceutical fluid product including the following steps: providing a spray head of a device for spraying a pharmaceutical fluid product, the spray head having a spray orifice; providing a receiving surface having a plurality of discrete contact zones separated by voids, the contact zones capable of being coated with a heat sensitive material, bringing the receiving surface to a temperature T2, passing a flow of compressed gas through the spray orifice, the flow of compressed gas at a temperature T1 which differs from T2, sending the flow of compressed gas at temperature T1 onto the receiving surface at temperature T2, visualising the impact zone for the flow of compressed gas on the receiving surface, and analysing the visualisation of the impact zone in order to determine whether the spray head complies with predetermined specifications.