Disclosed is a temperature detection device. The device for detecting temperature of a processing liquid for substrate processing according to an embodiment includes a temperature measurement sensor installed adjacent to an outer surface of a tube through which the processing liquid flows, in which the temperature measurement sensor senses the temperature of the processing liquid in the tube.

Disclosed is a temperature detection device. The device for detecting temperature of a processing liquid for substrate processing according to an embodiment includes a temperature measurement sensor installed adjacent to an outer surface of a tube through which the processing liquid flows, in which the temperature measurement sensor senses the temperature of the processing liquid in the tube.

There is provided a pipe heating device, including; a sensor installed in a gas pipe; a heating part having a heat generation portion arranged so as to cover the gas pipe except for a region of the gas pipe where the sensor is installed; and a heat conducting member attached between an outer peripheral surface of the gas pipe and the sensor and formed of a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the gas pipe.

A bubbler device and method of its operation are disclosed. The bubbler device includes a bubbler tube that provides bubbles to a molten material in a furnace; a protective layer disposed on the bubbler tube; and a wire that is electrically coupled to the protective layer. The wire extends through the bore, and the protective layer and the wire partially form an electrical circuit for measuring integrity of the bubbler device based on at least one of conductivity or resistance in the electrical circuit. Sometimes, an inner protective material may be disposed on an inside surface of the tube and coupled to the protective layer, and the wire can be coupled to the inner protective material or multiple wires may be used. The use of dissimilar materials in these components may be used to form a thermocouple junction to measure the temperature of the molten material in a furnace.

A bubbler device and method of its operation are disclosed. The bubbler device includes a bubbler tube that provides bubbles to a molten material in a furnace; a protective layer disposed on the bubbler tube; and a wire that is electrically coupled to the protective layer. The wire extends through the bore, and the protective layer and the wire partially form an electrical circuit for measuring integrity of the bubbler device based on at least one of conductivity or resistance in the electrical circuit. Sometimes, an inner protective material may be disposed on an inside surface of the tube and coupled to the protective layer, and the wire can be coupled to the inner protective material or multiple wires may be used. The use of dissimilar materials in these components may be used to form a thermocouple junction to measure the temperature of the molten material in a furnace.

This device and method can be used for monitoring and control of the milk quality, monitoring and control of the health of dairy animal and herd management and decision-making. The device for milk analysis is composed of tanks for water and reagent, a milk probe, a unit for analysis and management and a unit for transfer and monitoring with software applications. The samples are mixed in a mixing flask, previously subjected to an ultrasonic and temperature measurement as well as a measurement of conductivity. The movement of the fluid through the system is performed by peristaltic pumps. The actual measurement takes place at the outflow of the measured sample in one of two funnels with elongated ends with integrated capillary of the ends of each. To the funnels are mounted a pair of motion sensors.

The invention relates to a method for determining a loading of a soot filter with soot particles from an exhaust gas mass flow of an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, a control device for an internal combustion engine having a soot filter, and a computer program product for carrying out the method. In the first step 100 of the method a characteristic curve for the relationship between the exhaust gas mass flow, exhaust gas temperature, ambient pressure, and pressure drop across the soot filter without loading is determined; in the second step 200 a second exhaust gas mass flow and a second pressure drop that occurs during loading of the soot filter are determined; in the third step 300, from the characteristic curve the first pressure drop is determined for which the first and second exhaust gas mass flows have the same value; in the fourth step 400 an estimated value for the loading of the soot filter is computed via a real-time parameter estimation, preferably by use of the gradient method, based on the previously determined parameters. The method allows a reliable determination of the instantaneous loading of a particulate filter, regardless of the type of measuring signals used in each case for characterizing the loading behavior of the soot filter.

The invention relates to a method for determining a loading of a soot filter with soot particles from an exhaust gas mass flow of an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, a control device for an internal combustion engine having a soot filter, and a computer program product for carrying out the method. In the first step 100 of the method a characteristic curve for the relationship between the exhaust gas mass flow, exhaust gas temperature, ambient pressure, and pressure drop across the soot filter without loading is determined; in the second step 200 a second exhaust gas mass flow and a second pressure drop that occurs during loading of the soot filter are determined; in the third step 300, from the characteristic curve the first pressure drop is determined for which the first and second exhaust gas mass flows have the same value; in the fourth step 400 an estimated value for the loading of the soot filter is computed via a real-time parameter estimation, preferably by use of the gradient method, based on the previously determined parameters. The method allows a reliable determination of the instantaneous loading of a particulate filter, regardless of the type of measuring signals used in each case for characterizing the loading behavior of the soot filter.

The present disclosure includes an HVAC system that includes a plurality of dampers each corresponding to one building zone of a plurality of building zones, a plurality of sensors each corresponding to the one of the plurality of building zones, and a control board communicatively coupled with the plurality of dampers and sensors. The control board includes a plurality of status light sources, each corresponding to one damper the plurality of dampers, a plurality of communication light sources each corresponding to one sensor of the plurality of sensors, and a microcontroller programmed to control operation of equipment in the HVAC system. The microcontroller is configured to perform “a hardware test mode” to facilitate diagnosis of the plurality of dampers by causing the plurality of status light sources to sequentially execute a first light scheme or a second light scheme in response to instructions to the plurality of dampers.

The present disclosure includes an HVAC system that includes a plurality of dampers each corresponding to one building zone of a plurality of building zones, a plurality of sensors each corresponding to the one of the plurality of building zones, and a control board communicatively coupled with the plurality of dampers and sensors. The control board includes a plurality of status light sources, each corresponding to one damper the plurality of dampers, a plurality of communication light sources each corresponding to one sensor of the plurality of sensors, and a microcontroller programmed to control operation of equipment in the HVAC system. The microcontroller is configured to perform “a hardware test mode” to facilitate diagnosis of the plurality of dampers by causing the plurality of status light sources to sequentially execute a first light scheme or a second light scheme in response to instructions to the plurality of dampers.