A thermoanalytical instrument, and especially a differential scanning calorimeter, has first and second measurement positions, a heater and a temperature sensor associated with each of the measurement positions, and a controller. The controller, which has an associated means for setting a predetermined temperature program, controls a heating power of the first heater to cause the temperature measured at the first position to follow the temperature program. The controller also controls both heaters to eliminate any temperature difference between the measured first and second temperatures. The controller also provides a means for determining the lower of the measured first and second measured temperatures and applies additional power to the heater associated with that lower measured temperature.

A thermoanalytical instrument, and especially a differential scanning calorimeter, has first and second measurement positions, a heater and a temperature sensor associated with each of the measurement positions, and a controller. The controller, which has an associated means for setting a predetermined temperature program, controls a heating power of the first heater to cause the temperature measured at the first position to follow the temperature program. The controller also controls both heaters to eliminate any temperature difference between the measured first and second temperatures. The controller also provides a means for determining the lower of the measured first and second measured temperatures and applies additional power to the heater associated with that lower measured temperature.

The present invention discloses a laser heating single-sensor fast scanning calorimeter, which comprises an FSC sample chamber, a chip sensor positioned in the FSC sample chamber and used for loading a sample, a laser heater for heating the sample, an infrared camera for shooting a sample image, a communication terminal and a control electronic element, wherein a perspective window serving as a light path channel is arranged in a center of the FSC sample chamber, and the laser heater and the infrared camera are positioned at the top of the perspective window; the infrared camera is connected with the communication terminal; one end of the control electronic element is connected with the communication terminal, and the other end of the control electronic element is connected with the laser heater and the chip sensor.

The present invention discloses a laser heating single-sensor fast scanning calorimeter, which comprises an FSC sample chamber, a chip sensor positioned in the FSC sample chamber and used for loading a sample, a laser heater for heating the sample, an infrared camera for shooting a sample image, a communication terminal and a control electronic element, wherein a perspective window serving as a light path channel is arranged in a center of the FSC sample chamber, and the laser heater and the infrared camera are positioned at the top of the perspective window; the infrared camera is connected with the communication terminal; one end of the control electronic element is connected with the communication terminal, and the other end of the control electronic element is connected with the laser heater and the chip sensor.

A thermal energy measurement system is disclosed for use as a calorimeter capable of providing sample thermal energy measurements in selectable modes including isothermal and/or adiabatic modes. In some embodiments, the thermal energy system further comprises a closed-loop servo controller. In some embodiments, the thermal energy measurement system is capable of providing thermal energy measurements in semi-adiabatic and/or custom programmed modes. In some embodiments, the servo controller may be implemented as a feedback circuit whose process variable is either heat flow, sample temperature, a combination thereof, or a preprogrammed time dependence of the heat flow and/or sample temperature. The output of the servo controller may be used to drive a temperature control device such as but not limited to a thermoelectric module (TEM). Methods of thermal energy measurement are also disclosed.

A thermal energy measurement system is disclosed for use as a calorimeter capable of providing sample thermal energy measurements in selectable modes including isothermal and/or adiabatic modes. In some embodiments, the thermal energy system further comprises a closed-loop servo controller. In some embodiments, the thermal energy measurement system is capable of providing thermal energy measurements in semi-adiabatic and/or custom programmed modes. In some embodiments, the servo controller may be implemented as a feedback circuit whose process variable is either heat flow, sample temperature, a combination thereof, or a preprogrammed time dependence of the heat flow and/or sample temperature. The output of the servo controller may be used to drive a temperature control device such as but not limited to a thermoelectric module (TEM). Methods of thermal energy measurement are also disclosed.

A calorimeter and method is also provided, including a sample cell, a reference cell, a thermostat in thermal communication with the sample cell and the reference cell, a first conductive wire, the first conductive wire having a first end connected to the thermostat and a second end connected to the sample cell, and a second conductive wire, the second conductive wire having a first end connected to the thermostat and a second end connected to the reference cell.

A calorimeter and method is also provided, including a sample cell, a reference cell, a thermostat in thermal communication with the sample cell and the reference cell, a first conductive wire, the first conductive wire having a first end connected to the thermostat and a second end connected to the sample cell, and a second conductive wire, the second conductive wire having a first end connected to the thermostat and a second end connected to the reference cell.

A method and system for calorimetrically measuring the temperature-dependent absorptivity of a homogeneous material dimensioned to be thin and flat with a predetermined uniform thickness and a predetermined porosity. The system includes a material holder adapted to support and thermally isolate the material to be measured, an irradiation source adapted to uniformly irradiate the material with a beam of electromagnetic radiation, and an irradiation source controller adapted to control the irradiation source to uniformly heat the material during a heating period, followed by a cooling period when the material is not irradiated. A thermal sensor measures temperature of the material during the heating and cooling periods, and a computing system first calculates temperature-dependent convective and radiative thermal losses of the material based on the measured temperature of the material during the cooling period when beam intensity is zero, followed by calculation of the temperature-dependent absorptivity of the material based on the temperature-dependent convective and radiative thermal losses determined from the cooling period.

Methods of preparing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites by in situ polymerization with a zirconocene catalyst, a methylaluminoxane cocatalyst, a calcium zirconate nanofiller in a solvent. The calcium zirconate nanofiller, which is dispersed across the polyethylene matrix, is found to enhance catalyst activity, and other properties of the HDPE nanocomposites produced, including but not limited to flame retardency, crystallinity and surface morphology.