An input-side control device includes: a feedback controller that generates a first control input signal for eliminating the difference between a model speed signal ωm and a speed detection signal ω by using the signal difference between a higher order torque command signal Tref and an axial torque detection signal Tsh to generate the model speed signal ωm which corresponds to the rotational speed of an inertial body having a set moment of inertia Jset moving under a torque corresponding to the signal difference; a feed-forward controller that generates a second control input signal by multiplying the signal difference by k.Math.Jdy/Jset; and a low-pass filter that generates a torque command signal Tr from a signal obtained by combining the outputs of the controllers and attenuating components at a higher frequency than a cut-off frequency fc set in the vicinity of the resonant frequency.

A wireless pressure sensing unit (20) comprises a membrane (25) forming an outer wall portion of a cavity and two permanent magnets (26,28) inside the cavity. One magnet is coupled to the membrane, and at least one magnet is free to oscillate with a rotational movement. At least one is free to oscillate with a rotational movement. The oscillation takes place at a resonance frequency, which is a function of the sensed pressure, which pressure influences the spacing between the two permanent magnets. This oscillation frequency can be sensed remotely by measuring a magnetic field altered by the oscillation. The wireless pressure sensing unit may be provided on a catheter (21) or guidewire.

A rock breaking device and a method of monitoring a condition of a tool of a rock breaking device is provided. The rock breaking device includes a frame, a tool, a device for generating stress waves in the tool, measuring means for measuring the stress wave propagating in the tool and at least one computing unit for monitoring a condition of the tool on the basis of the measured stress wave. The at least one computing unit is configured to determine a condition of the tool on the basis of a time of propagation of at least one reflected stress wave component of the stress wave and at least one additional property of the same reflected stress wave component.

A rock breaking device and a method of monitoring a condition of a tool of a rock breaking device is provided. The rock breaking device includes a frame, a tool, a device for generating stress waves in the tool, measuring means for measuring the stress wave propagating in the tool and at least one computing unit for monitoring a condition of the tool on the basis of the measured stress wave. The at least one computing unit is configured to determine a condition of the tool on the basis of a time of propagation of at least one reflected stress wave component of the stress wave and at least one additional property of the same reflected stress wave component.

A physical quantity sensor includes: a supporting member; and a sensor element supported by the supporting member, in which the sensor element includes a vibrator element, a drive signal wiring disposed on the vibrator element, and a first detection signal terminal and a second detection signal terminal disposed on the vibrator element, the supporting member includes a substrate on which the sensor element is joined, and a first detection signal wiring and a second detection signal wiring disposed on the substrate, and the first detection signal wiring and the second detection signal wiring respectively include areas that extend along a second axis intersecting with the first axis and that intersect with the drive signal wiring in a plan view as seen in a direction in which the sensor element and the substrate overlap with each other.

A monitoring apparatus for a doctoring comprises a vibration sensor which is individual and is attached at a discrete location of a doctor blade arrangement, the at least one vibration sensor converting a mechanical vibration of the doctor blade arrangement to an electrical signal, the mechanical vibration being caused by the doctor blade in response to a scraping operation of a rotating roll which is in contact with a moving web. A data processing unit receives the electrical signal carrying information on the vibration, compares said vibration with a reference of at least one previous measurement of a same grade of the web, and start one or more preventive actions in order to avoid a drop-through in the case said vibration exceeds at least one boundary of the reference.

A monitoring apparatus for a doctoring comprises a vibration sensor which is individual and is attached at a discrete location of a doctor blade arrangement, the at least one vibration sensor converting a mechanical vibration of the doctor blade arrangement to an electrical signal, the mechanical vibration being caused by the doctor blade in response to a scraping operation of a rotating roll which is in contact with a moving web. A data processing unit receives the electrical signal carrying information on the vibration, compares said vibration with a reference of at least one previous measurement of a same grade of the web, and start one or more preventive actions in order to avoid a drop-through in the case said vibration exceeds at least one boundary of the reference.

A measurement method includes: a physical quantity acquisition step of acquiring, based on observation information obtained by at least one observation device that observes first to N-th observation points of a structure arranged along a second direction intersecting a first direction in which a moving object moves along the structure, physical quantities at the first to N-th observation points; and an action calculation step of calculating actions x.sub.1 to x.sub.N on the first to N-th observation points based on the acquired physical quantities at the first to N-th observation points, on the assumption that, when a function indicating a correlation between an action x.sub.j on a j-th observation point and an action that the action x.sub.j has on an i-th observation point is set as y.sub.ij, an acquired physical quantity at the i-th observation point is equal to a sum of values of functions y.sub.i1 to y.sub.iN.

A measurement method includes: a physical quantity acquisition step of acquiring, based on observation information obtained by at least one observation device that observes first to N-th observation points of a structure arranged along a second direction intersecting a first direction in which a moving object moves along the structure, physical quantities at the first to N-th observation points; and an action calculation step of calculating actions x.sub.1 to x.sub.N on the first to N-th observation points based on the acquired physical quantities at the first to N-th observation points, on the assumption that, when a function indicating a correlation between an action x.sub.j on a j-th observation point and an action that the action x.sub.j has on an i-th observation point is set as y.sub.ij, an acquired physical quantity at the i-th observation point is equal to a sum of values of functions y.sub.i1 to y.sub.iN.

Provided is a measurement method including measuring, by using a piezoelectric sheet sensor in contact with a measurement object, vibration transmitted from the measurement object to the piezoelectric sheet sensor and measuring pressing force between the measurement object and the piezoelectric sheet sensor.