An apparatus for sensing a physical attribute is shown, that includes a first track (511) defining a first electrode on a substrate (512), a second track (513) defining a second electrode on said substrate and an active film (514) in cooperation with a first sensor portion (516) of the first electrode and a second sensor portion (517) of the second electrode. The second electrode includes a first extended portion (517) to establish a first additional resistance not cooperating with the active film.

A sensor device (16a-16d) is provided for monitoring a clamping force (F) exerted by a clamping element (11a-11d) of a clamping device (12a-12d) on a component (14), with at least one strain gauge (30a-30d), which can be arranged on a surface (90, 91) of the clamping element (11a-11d) of the clamping device (12a-12d) and is deformable under the clamping force (F), a transmission module unit (36) based on electromagnetic transmission technology connected to the at least one strain gauge (30a-30d) for detecting a voltage (U5) that is indicative of a deformation (f) of the at least one strain gauge (30a-30d), and an antenna element (38) connected to the transmission module unit (36) for transmitting a signal that is indicative of the detected voltage (U5), and for receiving electromagnetic energy for electrical supply of the transmission module unit (36) and at least one strain gauge (30a-30d).

Hundreds of thousands of concrete bridges and hundreds of billions of tons of concrete require characterization with time for corrosion. Accordingly, protocols for rapid testing and improved field characterization systems that automatically triangulate electrical resistivity and half-cell corrosion potential measurements would be beneficial allowing discrete / periodic mapping of a structure to be performed as well as addressing testing for asphalt covered concrete. Further, it is the low frequency impedance of rebar in concrete that correlates to corrosion state but these are normally time consuming vulnerable to noise. Hence, it would be beneficial to provide a means of making low frequency electrical resistivity measurements rapidly. Further, prior art techniques for electrical rebar measurements require electrical connection be made to the rebar which increases measurement complexity/disruption / repair / cost even when no corrosion is identified. Beneficially a method of determining the state of a rebar without electrical contact is taught.

A pressure sensor comprises a substrate and a conductive layer disposed on the substrate and a spacer layer having a thickness larger than the thickness of the conductive layer. The pressure sensor also comprises an elastic membrane connected to the spacer layer, which overlays the conductive layer with the spacer layer providing a space therebetween and a sensing electrode layer arranged on a lower surface of the elastic membrane and spaced apart from the conductive layer. The sensing electrode layer forms at least two electrodes opposed and spaced apart from each other. The two electrodes are respectively connected to respective connectors and contact the conductive layer in response to an applied pressure on the elastic membrane. Each electrode transmits an output signal of resistance data to a processor through the respective connector.

A multi-slice hinge-line actuator includes a plurality of actuator slices mounted around a common axis of rotation and arranged to be rotated around the axis of rotation by a drive means in response to a control signal, the slices spaced axially along the axis of rotation. Each actuator slice has a first attachment means for attachment to a relatively fixed structure and a second attachment means for attachment to a moveable structure to be moved by the actuator in response to the control signal. The actuator also includes means for monitoring a strain pattern in the actuator at a plurality of locations along the axial direction of the actuator.

A nanopaper and a fabricating method thereof, a method of graphic processing and an electronic device are provided. The nanopaper includes: a transparent substrate, wherein the transparent substrate includes a micro-nano-fiber; a plurality of pressure sensing units, wherein the pressure sensing units are located on one side of the transparent substrate, and resistances of the pressure sensing units are able to vary with deformation of the transparent substrate; and a plurality of leads, wherein the plurality of leads are connected to the pressure sensing units, and are configured to be able to separately output a sensing signal of each of the plurality of pressure sensing units.

A pressure measuring apparatus for measuring a jetting pressure of a liquid jetted from a nozzle includes a plate including: a first surface facing the nozzle; and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a pressure sensor configured to detect a discharge position and the discharge pressure at the discharge position of the liquid and generate a signal based on the discharge pressure; and electrical components including a controller configured to receive the signal and collect data regarding the discharge pressure. The pressure sensor is provided on the first surface of the plate and the electrical components are provided on the second surface of the plate.

A sensing portion of the tension type smart shoe unit is arranged to extend across the width of thea sole of a wearer so that foot pressure applied through the sole is exerted thereon, and a connection portion of the tension type smart shoe unit is fixed by connection to a connecting portion of a circuit block. Thus, even when the foot pressure exerted is biased to the left or right while the wearer is walking, only a portion where the pressure is biased is not sensed in contrast with a conventional case in which piezoelectric sensors are mounted, but the sensing portion is deformed, and the magnitude of an electrical output signal corresponding to the deformation is calculated using an equation of a relationship with a load. Consequently, the amount of foot pressure may be precisely measured even with a simple configuration.

A degradation-determination system includes at least four strain gauges that are installed on a principal surface of a lithium-ion battery and each of which is configured to detect pressure of a battery surface at a corresponding installation position, and a degradation determining unit configured to determine degradation of the lithium-ion battery based on measured values at the strain gauges. The degradation determining unit is configured to estimate a maximum expansion position where volume expansion is maximal in a region defined by the strain gauges, of the surface of the lithium-ion battery.

An interface pressure sensor includes a fluid pressure sensor disposed in a volume defined by a shear wall. The volume is enclosed, and the fluid pressure sensor is encapsulated by, an infill material. The infill material defines a sensing surface that, when pressed, can impart a force that is detectable by the fluid pressure sensor.