A crank assembly for a pedal-driven vehicle includes a first member, a second member, and a rotary sensor. The first member rotates about a crank axis of the pedal-driven vehicle. The second member is rotationally coupled to the first member and is configured to pivot about the first member via a member pivot. The second member also is configured to receive a pedal at a pedal interface. The rotary sensor is coupled to the first member and configured to measure rotation of the second member relative to the first member.

A crank assembly for a pedal-driven vehicle includes a first member, a second member, and a rotary sensor. The first member rotates about a crank axis of the pedal-driven vehicle. The second member is rotationally coupled to the first member and is configured to pivot about the first member via a member pivot. The second member also is configured to receive a pedal at a pedal interface. The rotary sensor is coupled to the first member and configured to measure rotation of the second member relative to the first member.

An embodiment provides a sensing apparatus comprising: a first rotation part; a second rotation part in which the first rotation part is disposed; a housing in which the second rotation part is disposed; and a first metal member disposed between the housing and the second rotation part, wherein the second rotation part includes a first holder and a second holder combined with the first holder, and the first metal member includes a body disposed between the first holder and the housing and a first flange portion extending radially outward from the body.

An embodiment provides a sensing apparatus comprising: a first rotation part; a second rotation part in which the first rotation part is disposed; a housing in which the second rotation part is disposed; and a first metal member disposed between the housing and the second rotation part, wherein the second rotation part includes a first holder and a second holder combined with the first holder, and the first metal member includes a body disposed between the first holder and the housing and a first flange portion extending radially outward from the body.

A tangential force sensor is used instead of a coaxial strain gauge to measure the torque required to produce the rotation of a part. The force sensor is coupled tangentially to the rotating part through a non-slip contact produced by a force applied radially on the part. A progressively increasing tangential force produced by translating the force sensor in a direction normal to the axis of rotation of the part is then applied to initiate and maintain its rotation. The radial force applied to the part is judiciously selected and measured such that the part is engaged with enough friction to ensure a non-slip condition. By measuring the tangential force applied to the part, the torque characteristics of the rotatable part are determined. By sensing and controlling the radial force applied to the part, damage to the part or the mechanism supporting it is avoided.

A tangential force sensor is used instead of a coaxial strain gauge to measure the torque required to produce the rotation of a part. The force sensor is coupled tangentially to the rotating part through a non-slip contact produced by a force applied radially on the part. A progressively increasing tangential force produced by translating the force sensor in a direction normal to the axis of rotation of the part is then applied to initiate and maintain its rotation. The radial force applied to the part is judiciously selected and measured such that the part is engaged with enough friction to ensure a non-slip condition. By measuring the tangential force applied to the part, the torque characteristics of the rotatable part are determined. By sensing and controlling the radial force applied to the part, damage to the part or the mechanism supporting it is avoided.

The invention relates to a device and to a method for controlling a test stand arrangement having a specimen and having a loading machine, which is connected to the specimen by a connecting shaft. An estimated value (T.sub.E,est) for for the internal torque (T.sub.E) of the specimen is determined and, from the estimated value (T.sub.E,est), while taking into account a natural frequency (f.sub.0) and a delay, a damping signal (T.sub.Damp) is determined and fed back into the control loop.

Apparatus and methods for web tension control are provided. In an example, an apparatus can include a tension beam configured to deflect in a predictive manner when under a force load, a first shaft directly coupled to the tension beam and configured to mechanically interface with a torque device, a second shaft directly coupled to the tension beam opposite the first shaft and configured to interface with a structural member of a web machine, and a strain gauge coupled to the tension beam and configured to provide an electrical representation of the force load.

An engine testing apparatus is provided with a memory portion for storing a control command value obtained when the rotation speed of a dynamometer is changed by the control command value in accordance with the change of the engine rotation speed in a real vehicle in a period in which the engine behavior in a real vehicle is reproduced without connecting the dynamometer to an engine under test. The engine testing apparatus is provided with an output portion that supplies the control command value stored in the memory portion to the dynamometer with reference to an engine output signal showing the start of the reproducing period.

An engine testing apparatus is provided with a memory portion for storing a control command value obtained when the rotation speed of a dynamometer is changed by the control command value in accordance with the change of the engine rotation speed in a real vehicle in a period in which the engine behavior in a real vehicle is reproduced without connecting the dynamometer to an engine under test. The engine testing apparatus is provided with an output portion that supplies the control command value stored in the memory portion to the dynamometer with reference to an engine output signal showing the start of the reproducing period.