A dynamometer load device applies a load to a dynamometer unit that is connected to a hub of a wheel of a motor vehicle and being movable. The dynamometer load device applies, in conjunction with steering of the motor vehicle, a load to the dynamometer unit turning along with the hub. The load is applied in a direction opposite to a turning direction of the dynamometer unit.

A system for determining an indicated turbine temperature (ITT) for a gas turbine engine includes an engine control system. The engine control system includes a processor in communication with a non-transitory memory storing instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: determine a first estimated outlet temperature value for a high-pressure turbine of the gas turbine engine, determine an estimated work ({dot over (W)}.sub.HPT) of the high-pressure turbine, determine an estimated inlet temperature value for the high-pressure turbine using the estimated work ({dot over (W)}.sub.HPT), and determine the ITT by calculating a second estimated outlet temperature value using the estimated inlet temperature value, the second estimated outlet temperature value different than the first estimated outlet temperature value.

A system for determining an indicated turbine temperature (ITT) for a gas turbine engine includes an engine control system. The engine control system includes a processor in communication with a non-transitory memory storing instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: determine a first estimated outlet temperature value for a high-pressure turbine of the gas turbine engine, determine an estimated work ({dot over (W)}.sub.HPT) of the high-pressure turbine, determine an estimated inlet temperature value for the high-pressure turbine using the estimated work ({dot over (W)}.sub.HPT), and determine the ITT by calculating a second estimated outlet temperature value using the estimated inlet temperature value, the second estimated outlet temperature value different than the first estimated outlet temperature value.

An aerodynamic characteristic estimation device is provided with a detection section to detect at least one of a velocity of a bicycle or an acceleration of the bicycle when being pedaled by a cyclist, a detection section to detect a pedaling power when being pedaled, and an estimation section to estimate aerodynamic drag information indicating an aerodynamic characteristic acting on the bicycle being ridden by the cyclist based on a computation result of mechanical analysis according to an equation of motion established for a direction of progress of the bicycle and using the velocity of the bicycle and the acceleration of the bicycle as obtained from a detection result together with the pedaling power as detected by the detection section.

A pedal for bicycles comprising a pedal-pin, which extends along a reference axis, and a pedal-body, which is coupled to the pedal-pin in a rotary free manner. An internal chamber is obtained in the pedal-pin and has an internal surface, which extends along the reference axis approximately coaxial to the latter. The pedal further comprises strain gauges, which are configured to detect electrical parameters indicative of the mechanical deformation of the pedal-pin, and an electronic circuit, which is configured to determine, based on the electrical parameters, the mechanical deformation of the pedal-pin. The strain gauges are rigidly fixed on the internal surface of the internal chamber by a thin fixing layer of adhesive material.

A chainring assembly includes a chainring carrier adapted to be coupled to a crank arm. The chainring carrier is rotatable about a rotation axis, and includes an outer periphery having carrier threads. A chainring structure includes an inner periphery having chainring threads and an outer periphery comprising a plurality of teeth. The inner periphery of the chainring structure is threadably engaged with the outer periphery of the chainring carrier. In one embodiment, a power meter device includes a body having a torque input section and a torque output section, with the torque output section including an outer periphery having threads adapted to be coupled to a chainring structure.

A chainring assembly includes a chainring carrier adapted to be coupled to a crank arm. The chainring carrier is rotatable about a rotation axis, and includes an outer periphery having carrier threads. A chainring structure includes an inner periphery having chainring threads and an outer periphery comprising a plurality of teeth. The inner periphery of the chainring structure is threadably engaged with the outer periphery of the chainring carrier. In one embodiment, a power meter device includes a body having a torque input section and a torque output section, with the torque output section including an outer periphery having threads adapted to be coupled to a chainring structure.

A bicycle crankarm the bicycle transmission side that has a main body length measured along a length from a crankset's crankarm rotation axis to a pedal axis. The crankarm has at least one stress/strain detector oriented along the length direction at a fixed distance, measured from the center of the stress/strain detector to the rotation axis of the crankarm, such that the ratio of the distance and the length is in the range between 0.45-0.65.

A bicycle crankarm the bicycle transmission side that has a main body length measured along a length from a crankset's crankarm rotation axis to a pedal axis. The crankarm has at least one stress/strain detector oriented along the length direction at a fixed distance, measured from the center of the stress/strain detector to the rotation axis of the crankarm, such that the ratio of the distance and the length is in the range between 0.45-0.65.

Power measurement device for a bicycle trainer, which device is built as a unitary relocatable device comprising an acceleration or velocity sensor, a microcontroller and a memory, wherein the device is equipped with or connectable to a power source, preferably a battery, and wherein the device is equipped with a communication facility to enable the device to wirelessly or through wires communicate with an external application device.