A foot presence sensor system for an active article of footwear can include a sensor housing configured to be disposed at or in an insole of the article, and a controller circuit, disposed within the sensor housing, configured to trigger one or more automated functions of the footwear based on a foot presence indication. In an example, the sensor system includes a capacitive sensor configured to sense changes in a capacitance signal in response to proximity of a body. A dielectric member can be provided between the capacitive sensor and the body to enhance an output signal from the sensor.

A foot presence sensor system for an active article of footwear can include a sensor housing configured to be disposed at or in an insole of the article, and a controller circuit, disposed within the sensor housing, configured to trigger one or more automated functions of the footwear based on a foot presence indication. In an example, the sensor system includes a capacitive or magnetic sensor configured to sense changes in a body's proximity to the sensor in footwear. Characteristics of the sensed proximity can be used to update an automated footwear function, such as an automatic lacing function, or can be used to determine a step count, foot strike force, a rate of travel, or other information about a foot or about the footwear.

A bearing test apparatus has a bearing cap coupled to an outer ring of a bearing to be tested (a test bearing), a driving rotary shaft coupled to an inner ring of the test bearing to rotate the inner ring, and a bearing torque meter for measuring a single torque of the test bearing, wherein an extension bar is formed at the bearing cap to protrude thereon, wherein the bearing torque meter includes a measurement rod configured to contact the extension bar and be fixed to support the extension bar in a direction opposite to a rotating direction of the driving rotary shaft, and a power sensor for measuring a force applied to the measurement rod, wherein the single torque of the test bearing is calculated based on a distance from the driving rotary shaft to the measurement rod and a force applied to the measurement rod.

A system includes: a detection means that detecting the weight of the load that is being manipulated is integrated into a load-sensitive guide pin that forms part of the axle bearing and that can output a signal that is proportional to the effect that is caused by the load, a power source to provide driving power for the load-sensitive guide pin, a sensor cable for the transfer of a driving voltage from the power source to the load-sensitive guide pin, a calculation means that is in signal-transfer connection with the load-sensitive guide pin in order to calculate the weight of the load that corresponds to the signal from the load-sensitive guide pin.

A method is provided for capturing a load spectrum of mechanical stresses which act on a machine element during an intended use. Mechanical stresses acting on the machine element are captured by a measuring apparatus of a load-spectrum-capturing device arranged on or in the machine element over a capturing period. Proceeding from the measured data acting on the machine element and captured by the measuring apparatus, a load spectrum depicting the mechanical stresses acting on the machine element is determined. In this method, partial load-spectrum data are calculated at time intervals by a load-spectrum-determining apparatus of the load-spectrum-capturing device proceeding from the captured measured data and the partial load-spectrum data are stored in a data-memory apparatus of the load-spectrum-capturing device. The partial load-spectrum data determined over the capturing period form a load-spectrum data set of a load spectrum.

A method of determining the center of loading of a rolling element includes providing a rolling element body and at least three load sensors. The sensors are each positioned within a bore of the rolling element body at a separate distance from a reference position. Load measurements are taken with each one of the sensors at various positions about the circumference of the bearing and the center of loading is calculated at each one of the positions to determine the variation in axial loading about the bearing circumference.

Bearing apparatus comprising: an inner race; an outer race; a roller element positioned between the inner race and the outer race; a first sensor to sense displacement of one of: the inner race, the outer race, and the roller element, and to provide a first signal for the sensed displacement to enable a load on the bearing apparatus to be determined.

A bearing raceway ring (25) disposed near a mounting section (9) is disposed on the outer periphery of a circular cylinder section (19). A fluid-sealed chamber (40) in which a measurement liquid is hermetically enclosed is provided between a first member (8) and the bearing raceway ring (25) which is disposed near the mounting section (9). Pressure acting on the fluid to be measured changes as the bearing raceway ring (25) moves in the cylinder-axis direction, the bearing raceway ring (25) being disposed near the mounting section (9). The fluid-sealed chamber (40) is provided with a pressure sensor (44) capable of detecting a change in the pressure of the fluid to be measured.

An eccentric guide surface portion (48), which has a shape of a partially cylindrical surface, is formed at a front end portion of a second cylindrical surface portion (32a), into which a torque detecting coil unit (31a) is fitted and fixed, of an inner peripheral surface of a housing body (16a) that is joined and fixed to a front end portion of a steering column. The center of curvature of the eccentric guide surface portion (48) is offset to a side opposite to a connection hole (39a), which is formed at the housing body (16a), in a radial direction so that a connection terminal (36a) of the torque detecting coil unit (31a) is connected to a circuit board (40a). Accordingly, a torque measuring unit for an electric power steering device, of which the size and weight are reduced while good assembly workability is ensured, is obtained.

Systems and a method for measuring at least one mechanical force in a stator of an electrical machine are provided. The stator of the electrical machine includes a multiple stacked metal lamina. At least one fiber Bragg grating (FBG) element is placed between two of the lamina, such as in a rotor-facing tooth of the lamina.