The present disclosure provides a non-destructive detecting method for weld residual stress and a probe using the same, in the above method, detecting is performed by an ultrasonic detecting probe in contact with a detected portion of a workpiece to be detected, wherein when the weld residual stress of an intersecting curve weld bead of surfaces of cylinders is detected, for the same position of the intersecting curve weld bead, one of the residual stress of an axial direction of the cylinders and the residual stress of a circumferential direction of the cylinders is detected as a principal stress. For the surface of the cylinder at one side of the intersecting curve weld bead, the detecting of the weld residual stress of the surface of the cylinder can be realized only by using an ultrasonic detecting probe having one type of curved surface.

A biomass impact sensor for sensing impacts of biomass material may include a pressure sensitive film having a first sensing face and a second opposite face, a first layer of a first material composition directly abutting the first sensing face having a first stiffness, and a second layer of a second material composition directly abutting the second opposite face. The first layer and the second layer may be joined along opposite edges of the pressure sensitive film to envelope the sensing material layer on the opposite edges.

A strain gauge driving piezoelectric device is disclosed. A piezoelectric element is arranged between a plurality of layers of first strain gauges correspondingly spaced from each other and a plurality of layers of second strain gauges correspondingly spaced from each other. The first strain gauges and the second strain gauges are arranged on different layers of the flexible circuit board. The first strain gauges and the second strain gauges generate a driving voltage according to variations of resistance values of the first strain gauges and the second strain gauges when a stress is applied to the flexible circuit board, and the driving voltage induces the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric element and then drives the piezoelectric element to generate an output voltage for haptic feedback.

A method for determining residual stress in a selectively hardened parts including an unhardened region adjacent to a hardened region is provided. The method includes obtaining a Barkhausen Noise (BN) value for the unhardened region and selecting a corresponding absolute residual stress value from a look-up table. The selected absolute residual stress value accurately estimates the absolute residual stress in the hardened region of the selectively hardened part. In variations of the method the unhardened region is surrounded by the hardened region, the hardened region is a laser hardened region and the unhardened region is not laser hardened.

Techniques for producing a flat film surface in additive fabrication are provided. According to some aspects, a movable stage may be arranged beneath a container having a base that includes a flexible film. The movable stage may include a segmented member in which a number of segments are aligned along a common axis. The segmented member may maintain contact with the flexible film as the movable stage moves beneath the container, with the segmented member producing a flat surface of the flexible film, at least within a region above the movable stage. According to some embodiments, multiple segmented members may be provided within the movable stage, such as in parallel with one another.

A wheel nut or axle nut for vehicles, having a body, having a central threaded hole, having a peripheral wall, and having an abutment face at a lower side The nut also has a plurality of wrench faces on the peripheral wall of the nut body for tightening or releasing the nut by a tool which cooperates with the wrench faces. In the body at least one recess is provided in which a sensor element is arranged The sensor element is connected to a wireless interface which is configured to transmit a sensor signal of the sensor element wirelessly to an external reception unit.

A residual thermal strain distribution measurement method of measuring a residual thermal strain distribution as residual thermal deformation in a sample generated under application of a thermal load, comprises recording images of a periodic pattern present on the surface of the sample by an image recording unit at a first temperature and a sample formation temperature at which the sample is formed, generating moire fringes based on each recorded image of the periodic pattern, calculating a phase of the moire fringes for the sample at the first temperature, calculating a phase of the moire fringes for the sample at the sample formation temperature, acquiring a phase difference of the moire fringes at the sample formation temperature with respect to the first temperature, and calculating a residual thermal strain of the sample at the first temperature with respect to the sample formation temperature based on the acquired phase difference.

Provided is a residual stress estimation method and a residual stress estimation device capable of suppressing the number of cut pieces to be collected for measuring inherent strain without deteriorating residual stress estimation accuracy. In a case where it is assumed that the inherent strain is uniformly distributed in one direction in a structure, a user measures residual stress from a cut piece collected in a region in which the inherent strain is uniformly distributed and inputs the measured value to the residual stress estimation device. The residual stress estimation device estimates a two-dimensional inherent strain distribution on an analysis surface perpendicular to the one direction in the structure using the input residual stress measured value, transfers the estimated two-dimensional inherent strain distribution to the one direction, and estimates a three-dimensional inherent strain distribution in the structure.

A thermal barrier coating is provided. The thermal barrier coating is configured to remain adherent to a substrate under high strains, thus allowing the use of non-contacting strain measurement systems, using digital image correlation for example. The thermal barrier coating may include a first layer of a partially metallic material configured to adhere to a metallic substrate, and a second layer of a partially ceramic material configured to adhere to the first layer. A successful configuration has a top layer thickness that is approximately two-thirds of the first layer thickness.

Analysis of residual stress in materials is often done in static conditions in a laboratory. Accurate systems and methods for performing these analyses in a dynamic, non-laboratory environment are notoriously difficult and can be very inaccurate. A method using a portable, field deployable apparatus having greater accuracy than currently available is disclosed whereby accurate and repeatable residual stress analysis may be implemented in non-laboratory environments leading to greatly improved diagnostics, maintenance and life limit prediction.