A force sensing device generates an output signal containing information usable for determining a magnitude and a direction of a force acting on a coupling. The coupling has a hook and a linking element linking the hook to a connection flange. The linking element is linked to the hook and the connection flange by at least two pins. Each pin comprises a torque sensor. The linking element is arranged at an angle with respect to the hook such that independent of the angle of the slope between an imaginary horizontal plane and the longitudinal axis of the connection flange, the linking element does not reach a position, in which the two pins are arranged one above the other in a vertical direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the connection flange.

Methods and systems for estimating an amount of torque that is transferred via a differential ring gear assembly are described. In one example, axial displacement of the differential ring gear assembly is determined and converted into a torque estimate. The torque estimate may be used to verify other powertrain torque estimates or for closed loop torque control.

Methods and systems for estimating an amount of torque that is transferred via a differential ring gear assembly are described. In one example, axial displacement of the differential ring gear assembly is determined and converted into a torque estimate. The torque estimate may be used to verify other powertrain torque estimates or for closed loop torque control.

The instant invention describes devices and methods of measuring the differential air pressure at numerous representative points across the surface of the sail and providing visual feedback of areas of ideal laminar flow and areas of less than optimal airflow with an indication of how the sail must be adjusted to create the maximal differential in airflow. The invention utilizes an array of sensors that detect minute variations in barometric pressure and other data on each side of the sail surface. These sensors are connected together to form a network or net across the sail. This connection can be physical, using wires, or it may be wireless, using for example, but certainly not being limited to, Bluetooth LE 5.0 or other wireless topologies or technologies. Finally it may utilize a combination of wired and wireless connections to fit individual situations and may couple with existing terrestrial and satellite ship networks.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to facilitate a single pin load sensor coupled to a hitch receiver, the sensor to measure one or more loads on the hitch receiver. An example non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising machine-readable instructions that, when executed, cause a processor to at least capture, via a camera coupled to a vehicle, an image of a hitch of the vehicle, analyze the image to determine position data of a mount of the hitch, and calculate an actual load on the hitch based on the position data.

A measuring system is provided that includes a turbine engine thrust estimator that computes “virtual measurements” of dynamic engine thrust and other parameters of interest from test cell data in a very short amount of time. The measuring system ‘tunes’ a user's engine model, in a numerical propulsion system simulation, by optimizing system biases and health parameters to match the sensor outputs of a set of steady state data points across the operating range. The tuned model is then utilized by the measuring system to create a constant gain extended Kalman filter that is added directly within a code of the numerical propulsion system simulation. Results, including thrust, from the numerical propulsion system simulation with Kalman filter are then presented as ‘actual’ corrected data.

A bicycle having a rear wheel including an axle, a hub shell, a torque element including a torque output portion and a torque input portion, and a rear cog coupled to the torque input portion. The torque output portion is a first radial distance from the torque input portion. The position sensor measures a rotational position of the torque input portion relative to the torque output portion. In one embodiment, the position sensor includes a displacement indicator (e.g., a radial tab mounted to the torque output portion) and a displacement sensor (e.g., an inductive sensor mounted to the torque input portion). The inductive sensor preferably has two sensing coils positioned on each side of the displacement indicator. The hub assembly can further comprise a wireless transmitter adapted to transmit data from the position sensor. The hub shell preferably includes a window that facilitates data transmission from the wireless transmitter.

A sports-related measurement system that can include a forward facing camera, a global positioning satellite receiver, and the necessary data collection and processing capabilities to calculate the aerodynamic drag and cyclist applied power of a moving object, such as a bicycle. The data collected can include altitude, air pressure, air moisture content, temperature, and the like. The system can include a display for presenting data to the user and may also include memory for storage of data, photos, video, and the like. In some embodiments, the system may be configured as a bicycle computer adapted to mount on a bicycle.

A sports-related measurement system that can include a forward facing camera, a global positioning satellite receiver, and the necessary data collection and processing capabilities to calculate the aerodynamic drag and cyclist applied power of a moving object, such as a bicycle. The data collected can include altitude, air pressure, air moisture content, temperature, and the like. The system can include a display for presenting data to the user and may also include memory for storage of data, photos, video, and the like. In some embodiments, the system may be configured as a bicycle computer adapted to mount on a bicycle.

A system and method of non-intrusive thrust measurement of a gas turbine engine. The system comprises a transmitter disposed at a boundary of fluid flow and at least one receiver adapted to receive transmissions from the transmitter. A processor is coupled to the receivers to determine a parameter from a characteristic of the transmission at the receiver suite and adapted to determine a thrust parameter from the parameter. A method for non-intrusively measuring engine thrust includes transmitting a wave across the exhaust plume, receiving the transmitted wave and determining a measurement parameter of the exhaust plume based on a characteristic of the received wave, and comparing the measurement parameter to a reference parameter and determining the thrust based on the comparison.