A method for determining the amount of a gas present in a battery cell, whereby the battery cell has an initial volume, comprises at least the following steps: a) immersing the battery cell into a non-conductive liquid having a defined density at a first ambient pressure; b) generating a lifting force that acts in the opposite direction of a downforce of the battery cell; c) changing the first ambient pressure to a second ambient pressure, and measuring the buoyancy forcewhich is dependent on the ambient pressureof the battery cell in the liquid; and d) measuring the amount of gas present in the battery cell, taking into account the first and second ambient pressures, the buoyancy forces ascertained for these ambient pressures, the temperature of the non-conductive liquid and the density of the liquid.

A groove is provided at an outer side of an outer wall of a pressure sensor in a radial direction, and opens at one end side in an axial direction of the pressure sensor. A horizontally extending stopper is provided at an inner wall of a sensor accommodation recessed portion. A fixing portion is provided on the outer side of the outer wall of the pressure sensor in the radial direction, and enters the stopper. The fixing portion protrudes outward in the radial direction from the outer wall of the pressure sensor accommodated in the accommodation recessed portion, and contacts the stopper in the axial direction.

A groove is provided at an outer side of an outer wall of a pressure sensor in a radial direction, and opens at one end side in an axial direction of the pressure sensor. A horizontally extending stopper is provided at an inner wall of a sensor accommodation recessed portion. A fixing portion is provided on the outer side of the outer wall of the pressure sensor in the radial direction, and enters the stopper. The fixing portion protrudes outward in the radial direction from the outer wall of the pressure sensor accommodated in the accommodation recessed portion, and contacts the stopper in the axial direction.

Capillary-based pressure threshold sensors are provided for liquids that exploit the properties of hydrophobic, superhydrophobic, oleophobic and amphiphobic porous membranes to detect when fluid passes through the membrane in the event of the pressure across the membrane rising above the breakthrough pressure of a fluid. Example implementations are provided of different configurations for a capillary-based pressure threshold sensor, and of how a capillary-based pressure threshold sensor is used in a medication delivery device or other fluid delivery devices to detect occlusion or other fluid flow condition.

A liquid encapsulation device for embedding sensor is provided. The liquid encapsulation device comprises a substrate having an upper surface with a central concave portion; at least one protection layer sealed on the upper surface of the substrate; and at least one sensor fixed on the protection layer. Wherein, the central concave portion is filled with liquid and the sensor is arranged above the central concave portion.

A blood-pressure gauge includes: an opening valve connected to a sensing cuff and being in an open state with being conducted to outside air or a closed state with not being conducted to the outside air; a pressure cuff controller controlling the pressure cuff to a compression state with fluid supply to the pressure cuff and a measurement site being compressed via the pressure cuff or a release state with the fluid discharging from the pressure cuff and compression releasing via the pressure cuff; an opening valve controller controlling the opening valve to the open state or the closed state; and a blood pressure calculator calculating a blood pressure from a pressure change of the sensing cuff at the closed state of the opening valve. The sensing cuff has restorability to make a volume in the sensing cuff a predetermined volume when the opening valve is in the open state.

Methods and systems are presented for diagnosing operation of a fuel tank pressure sensor. The methods and systems may include releasing fuel vapors from a fuel tank to an engine when an engine is rotating in a fuel cut out mode while a catalyst temperature is greater than a threshold temperature to determine whether or not the fuel tank pressure sensor is degraded.

Methods and systems are presented for diagnosing operation of a fuel tank pressure sensor. The methods and systems may include releasing fuel vapors from a fuel tank to an engine when an engine is rotating in a fuel cut out mode while a catalyst temperature is greater than a threshold temperature to determine whether or not the fuel tank pressure sensor is degraded.

An air data probe includes a probe head and an air data sensing port. The probe head defines a longitudinal axis extending from a forward tip of the probe head to an aft end of the probe head. The probe head has an elliptical cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. The air data sensing port is disposed in the probe head aft of the forward tip. A length of a major axis of the elliptical cross section and a length of a minor axis of the elliptical cross section can be configured to cause boundary layer separation of airflow across the probe head at a flow separation region that is aft of the air data sensing port.

A cuff pressure stabilizer (100, 200, 300, 500, 600, 800) is provided that includes an inflation lumen proximal port connector (134), which is shaped to form an airtight seal with an inflation lumen proximal port (15) of a catheter (10) additionally having an inflatable cuff (11) and an inflation lumen (13); a fluid reservoir (120, 524, 624); a liquid column container (118, 518, 618), which is (a) open to the atmosphere (99) at least one site along the liquid column container, (b) in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir (120, 524, 624), and (c) in communication with the inflation lumen proximal port connector (134) via the fluid reservoir (120, 524, 624); and a liquid (121), which is contained (a) in the fluid reservoir (120, 524, 624), (b) in the liquid column container (118, 518, 618), or (c) partially in the fluid reservoir (120, 524, 624) and partially in the liquid column container (118, 518, 618), and which has a density of between 1.5 and 5 g/cm.sup.3 at 4 degrees Celsius at 1 atm.