An integrated circuit (IC) chip includes a substrate of a piezo-electric material having a first resistivity coefficient associated with a first direction that is longitudinal to a first crystal axis and a second resistivity coefficient associated with a second direction that is transverse to the first crystal axis. The first and second resistivity coefficients have opposite signs. The IC chip also includes a first stress sensing element formed in the substrate and coupled to pass a first current therethrough. The first stress sensing element includes a first resistor aligned such that the major direction of current flow through the first resistor is in the first direction and a second resistor coupled in series with the first resistor and aligned such that the major direction of current flow through the second resistor is in the second direction. A ratio of the resistance of the second resistor to the resistance of the first resistor is equal to a value , where is equal to the ratio of the first resistivity coefficient to the second resistivity coefficient.

A process for calibrating the loading force of a breaker element of a bale opener on a bale group includes: (a) setting a force sensor used to measure the loading force at no load; (b) lowering the breaker element onto the bale group until reaching a loading force that is at least twice as high as an upper loading force at which the breaker element receives a lift command during normal breaking operation; (c) relieving the load on the breaker element; (d) setting the loading force at a negative value which includes signal distortion influences; and (e) lowering the breaker element until the loading force measured by the load sensor reaches at least the level of the upper loading force.

A method of calibrating a crank arm-mounted power meter includes receiving an angle measurement from a first sensor disposed on a crank arm, the angle measurement corresponding to an angular orientation of the crank arm. A predicted load measurement is then calculated based on the angle measurement and weight data for the crank assembly including the crank arm and stored in memory. A load measurement corresponding to a load on the crank arm is obtained and a zero offset value is then calculated by determining a difference between the predicted load measurement and the load measurement. Power calculation logic for determining power applied to the crank arm is then updated using the zero offset value.

There are provided weight shaft 10 to be connected with arm 1a of dynamometer 1, weight placement section 11 supported by weight shaft 10 and weights 21 to be stacked on weight placement section 11. Weight shaft 10 includes constricted segment K at a predetermined position in the axial direction. Each weight 21 includes a cutout portion 24 cut out from a middle of a side end portion 22a and arranged to receive the constricted segment K. The cutout width of this cutout portion 24 is greater at a round hole 25 than at an open end 26b. Weights 21 are stacked on weight placement section 11 by lowering each weight in the state in which the constricted segment is inserted from the open end 26b into the round hole 25.

There are provided weight shaft 10 to be connected with arm 1a of dynamometer 1, weight placement section 11 supported by weight shaft 10 and weights 21 to be stacked on weight placement section 11. Weight shaft 10 includes constricted segment K at a predetermined position in the axial direction. Each weight 21 includes a cutout portion 24 cut out from a middle of a side end portion 22a and arranged to receive the constricted segment K. The cutout width of this cutout portion 24 is greater at a round hole 25 than at an open end 26b. Weights 21 are stacked on weight placement section 11 by lowering each weight in the state in which the constricted segment is inserted from the open end 26b into the round hole 25.

The present disclosure illustrates a calibration method and circuit for a pressure sensing device. The calibration method, via at least one passive component (e.g., the default capacitor) installed in the pressure sensing device, obtains a calibration gain factor of at least one converter also installed in the pressure sensing device, and when the pressure sensing device is in a regular operating mode, the calibration gain factor can be used to calibrate the output of the converter, so that a sensing signal inputted into the pressure sensing device can be correctly converted to a relevant pressure value.

An integrated circuit (IC) chip includes a substrate of a piezo-electric material having a first resistivity coefficient associated with a first direction that is longitudinal to a first crystal axis and a second resistivity coefficient associated with a second direction that is transverse to the first crystal axis. The first and second resistivity coefficients have opposite signs. The IC chip also includes a first stress sensing element formed in the substrate and coupled to pass a first current therethrough. The first stress sensing element includes a first resistor aligned such that the major direction of current flow through the first resistor is in the first direction and a second resistor coupled in series with the first resistor and aligned such that the major direction of current flow through the second resistor is in the second direction. A ratio of the resistance of the second resistor to the resistance of the first resistor is equal to a value ?, where ? is equal to the ratio of the first resistivity coefficient to the second resistivity coefficient.

A sensing device including a sensor, a triggering mechanism is provided. The sensing device is attachable to a covering positioned in contact with a body such that the triggering mechanism extends between first and second segments of the body. Movement of at least one of the first and second segments activates the triggering mechanism to provide an input to the sensor, actuating the sensor to generate an output defining at least one measurement of the movement. The measurement may be one or more of rotation, translation, velocity, acceleration, and joint angle. An intermediate mechanism may be interposed between the triggering mechanism and the sensor. The sensing device may include a means to process or record measurements corresponding to movement. A system and method of measuring the movement is also provided.

A sensing device including a sensor, a triggering mechanism is provided. The sensing device is attachable to a covering positioned in contact with a body such that the triggering mechanism extends between first and second segments of the body. Movement of at least one of the first and second segments activates the triggering mechanism to provide an input to the sensor, actuating the sensor to generate an output defining at least one measurement of the movement. The measurement may be one or more of rotation, translation, velocity, acceleration, and joint angle. An intermediate mechanism may be interposed between the triggering mechanism and the sensor. The sensing device may include a means to process or record measurements corresponding to movement. A system and method of measuring the movement is also provided.

A method for traceability calibration of calibration device of rock chiseling specific power tester includes static calibration and dynamic calibration. Static calibration includes: placing impact indicator sensor of calibration device on static calibration stage; installing standard weight holder on adapter head of impact indicator sensor; adding a standard weight to standard weight holder several times; and calculating static coefficient k. Dynamic calibration includes: placing impact indicator sensor on dynamic calibration stage; resetting dynamic calibration coefficients a and b of calibration device; recording standard impact energy W.sub.0 of dynamic standard hammer and measured indication value W of impact indicator sensor to obtain standard deviation S=WW.sub.0; and calculating dynamic coefficients a and b. Rock chiseling specific power magnitude is effectively traced to equal mass standard of standard weights. A new traceability method and system for specific power magnitude is constructed.