Methods for estimating the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) of laser optimized Multimode Fiber (MMF) at a specified wavelength, λ.sub.S, based on the measured EMB at a first reference measurement wavelength, λ.sub.M. In these methods the Differential Mode Delay (DMD) of a MMF is measured and the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) is computed at a first measurement wavelength. By extracting signal features such as centroids, peak power, pulse widths, and skews, as described in this disclosure, the EMB can be estimated at a second specified wavelength with different degrees of accuracy. The first method estimates the EMB at the second specified wavelength based on measurements at the reference wavelength. The second method predicts if the EMB at the second specified wavelength is equal or greater than a specified bandwidth limit.

In a first aspect, a testing assembly for conducting reliability tests on liquid lenses includes a liquid lens, and a test frame arranged to receive the liquid lens. The liquid lens includes a lens body defining a cavity, a first liquid disposed within the cavity, and a second liquid disposed within the cavity that is substantially immiscible with the first liquid such that an interface between the first liquid and the second liquid forms a lens. The test frame includes a front wall, and a back wall oriented substantially parallel to the front wall. The liquid lens mounts to at least one of the front wall or the back wall and the test frame simulates a smart device incorporating a liquid lens.

In a first aspect, a testing assembly for conducting reliability tests on liquid lenses includes a liquid lens, and a test frame arranged to receive the liquid lens. The liquid lens includes a lens body defining a cavity, a first liquid disposed within the cavity, and a second liquid disposed within the cavity that is substantially immiscible with the first liquid such that an interface between the first liquid and the second liquid forms a lens. The test frame includes a front wall, and a back wall oriented substantially parallel to the front wall. The liquid lens mounts to at least one of the front wall or the back wall and the test frame simulates a smart device incorporating a liquid lens.

In order to provide a mechanism which predicts a risk of future failure occurrence, by using fiber optic sensing, this failure prediction system comprises: a sensing function unit which acquires the environmental information detected by the optical fiber; an event classification function unit which classifies, by type, events occurring at each position of the object indicated by the environmental information, on the basis of event classification conditions; and a failure occurrence risk calculation unit having, in advance, one or more failure models obtained by modeling a physical mechanism that leads to a malfunction in the object, wherein the failure occurrence risk calculation unit calculates a failure occurrence risk in each object by the mechanism, and outputs the accumulated result as a risk or availability.

Apparatus for detecting high speed hits on a target is disclosed. A first set of detection lines are would in one direction around a target, and a second set of detection lines is wound orthogonal or diagonal to the first set of lines around a target. Where the detection lines are light-transmissive fibers, cutting of a fiber by a high-speed projectile or fragment causes a flash of photons that are detected by a detector attached to that line. Materials the lines are embedded in may also cause bursts of photons when pierced that is detected by detectors. The lines may be laid in prefabricated panels, or attached to an exterior or interior skin of a target. Moldings may be used to ensure that a bend radius of the light-transmissive fibers is not exceeded.

Provided herein are various improvements to optical-inertial stabilization systems, such as those employed on electro-optical systems that receive or emit optical energy. In one example, a system includes an optical reference element rigidly coupled to a primary mirror. The optical reference element propagates a reference signal through optic elements that form at least a portion of an optical path corresponding to the primary mirror. A measurement of the reference signal is made after propagation through the optic elements to determine errors associated with the optical path. The system can also include inertial sensors rigidly coupled to the primary mirror and optical reference element to form an assembly. The inertial sensors are configured to measure inertial rotation of the assembly. Rotational adjustments about two axes can be produced for the assembly based at least on the inertial rotation properties to correct for disturbance or drift.

Provided herein are various improvements to optical-inertial stabilization systems, such as those employed on electro-optical systems that receive or emit optical energy. In one example, a system includes an optical reference element rigidly coupled to a primary mirror. The optical reference element propagates a reference signal through optic elements that form at least a portion of an optical path corresponding to the primary mirror. A measurement of the reference signal is made after propagation through the optic elements to determine errors associated with the optical path. The system can also include inertial sensors rigidly coupled to the primary mirror and optical reference element to form an assembly. The inertial sensors are configured to measure inertial rotation of the assembly. Rotational adjustments about two axes can be produced for the assembly based at least on the inertial rotation properties to correct for disturbance or drift.

A system includes a stage, a detector and a measuring device. The stage is configured to hold a substrate. The substrate includes a plurality of tapered structures, and each of the plurality of tapered structures includes a tapered wall between first and second openings at opposite ends of the plurality of tapered structures. The detector is tilted at a first angle and configured to measure light reflected from the tapered wall at about 90 degrees to the tapered wall. The first angle depends at least in part a second angle between the tapered wall and a longitudinal axis running through the tapered structure. The measuring device is configured to determine a characteristic of the tapered wall and whether the characteristic of the tapered wall is above or below a threshold.

Disclosed in an example embodiment herein is an airfield luminaire, comprising a housing, a light source in an interior of the housing, a sensor for sensing a condition associated with the housing, and control logic comprising a processor coupled with the light source and the sensor. The control logic is operable to obtain data from the sensor and determine a status of the airfield luminaire. In another example embodiment, a controller is operable to receive data representative of sensor data from the plurality of airfield lighting fixtures and determine the status of a selected one of the plurality if lighting fixtures based on the sensor data. In yet another example embodiment control logic that comprises a processor is operable to determine the present light output of a LED based on aging rate and amount of time the LED is operated at a plurality of temperatures.

A stress distribution image processing device including: a processing unit configured to: designate a normalization region which includes a portion of stress equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value in a screen of a stress distribution image of a target object; and normalize pixels in the normalization region based on stress values in the normalization region to obtain a normalized image.