A performance evaluation method for elastic material including rubber or elastomer, the method includes a step of applying a strain to a test piece made of the elastic material to form at least one void inside the test piece, a step of obtaining projected images of the test piece by irradiating the test piece with X-rays at a plurality of times after the at least one void is formed, and a step of obtaining a volume change of the at least one void between the plurality of times based on the projected images, as one of indexes of performance.

A wear amount estimation device estimates plural kinds of wear energy depending on each of an internal pressure of aircraft tires, a load acting on the aircraft tires, a velocity of an aircraft, a slip angle caused in the aircraft tires, and a braking force of the aircraft, in accordance with each of these elements and wear energy EFR of the aircraft tires in a state of a free rolling run The wear amount estimation device estimates the wear amount wear of the aircraft tires in accordance with each of the calculated wear energy and a wear resistance R indicating a relationship between predetermined wear energy and a predetermined wear amount.

A wear amount estimation device estimates plural kinds of wear energy depending on each of an internal pressure of aircraft tires, a load acting on the aircraft tires, a velocity of an aircraft, a slip angle caused in the aircraft tires, and a braking force of the aircraft, in accordance with each of these elements and wear energy EFR of the aircraft tires in a state of a free rolling run The wear amount estimation device estimates the wear amount wear of the aircraft tires in accordance with each of the calculated wear energy and a wear resistance R indicating a relationship between predetermined wear energy and a predetermined wear amount.

A seal testing system includes a drive system and a rotating shaft driven by the drive system. The system further includes a first seal testing subassembly including a first rotating member coupled to the rotating shaft, a first stationary member located adjacent the first rotating member, and a first test seal disposed between the rotating member and the stationary member at a first seal interface; and a second seal testing subassembly including a second rotating member coupled to the rotating shaft, a second stationary member located adjacent the second rotating member, and a second test seal disposed between the rotating member and the stationary member at a second seal interface. The system additionally includes a misalignment assembly coupled to the first and second stationary members to move the first and second stationary members the same distance to provide an equal misalignment at the first and second seal interface.

The present disclosure provides an experimental device for simulating the erosion of a tubing string caused by sand production. The experimental device includes an autoclave, a circulating assembly, a power assembly, a monitoring assembly, or a three-phase feeding assembly. The circulating assembly is sealed and arranged in the autoclave, the circulating assembly includes a circulation loop formed by straight pipes and elbows. The power assembly includes a pump arranged on the circulation loop. The monitoring assembly includes a flowmeter and a temperature and pressure sensor for detecting the circulation loop, and the temperature and pressure sensor is communicatively connected with a PC. The three-phase feeding assembly includes a feeding pipe that is in fluid communication with the circulation loop, and the feeding pipe is connected with one or more gas tanks, a sander feeder, and one or more liquid tanks, respectively.

A wear prognosis method and a maintenance method for an earth working machine are disclosed, along with an apparatus for performing the method. Provision is made that the current wear state of one or more earth working tools is sensed. The residual wear capacity until the wear limit is reached is then ascertained from the current wear state.

A wear prognosis method and a maintenance method for an earth working machine are disclosed, along with an apparatus for performing the method. Provision is made that the current wear state of one or more earth working tools is sensed. The residual wear capacity until the wear limit is reached is then ascertained from the current wear state.

The invention relates to a wear component of a milling machine, to a milling machine equipped with such a wear component, and to a method for determining the wear on a wear component. The wear component has associated with it at least one contactlessly readable electronic component for determining the wear on the wear component. Provision is made according to the present invention that at least one sensor is connected to at least one contactlessly readable electronic component for the transfer of data; that the contactlessly readable electronic component is embodied to receive measured data of the sensor and furnish them for contactless reading; and that at least one measurement portion of the sensor is guided, along at least one wear direction to be monitored, into a wear region or along the wear region of the wear component. The invention makes possible a better milling result as a result of optimized maintenance.

The invention relates to a wear component of a milling machine, to a milling machine equipped with such a wear component, and to a method for determining the wear on a wear component. The wear component has associated with it at least one contactlessly readable electronic component for determining the wear on the wear component. Provision is made according to the present invention that at least one sensor is connected to at least one contactlessly readable electronic component for the transfer of data; that the contactlessly readable electronic component is embodied to receive measured data of the sensor and furnish them for contactless reading; and that at least one measurement portion of the sensor is guided, along at least one wear direction to be monitored, into a wear region or along the wear region of the wear component. The invention makes possible a better milling result as a result of optimized maintenance.

Characterizing the decay of the microstructure of a drilling fluid gel using a model based on two exponential functions. Based on the model, identify at least two components of the decay model comprising a fast decay component and a slow decay component, wherein the fast decay component decays more quickly than the slow decay component. The decay of the microstructure of the gel over a time period can be determined using a rheometer or viscometer. Wellbore processes, including start up and tripping operations can be optimized based on the determination of the fast decay component and/or a slow decay component of the drilling fluid gel.