A method for determining the oxygen surface exchange property of a material in a solid oxide fuel cell. The method begins by first receiving a data stream comprising of continuous weight measurements of the material and time measurements of when the continuous weight measurements of the material are taken. While receiving the data stream an oxygen concentration test is performed which involves: flowing a degradation gas flow onto the cathode material while simultaneously increasing the temperature of the primary gas flow to a set temperature, flowing the degradation gas flow onto the material at the set temperature, stopping the degradation gas flow and starting a primary gas flow at the set temperature, flowing the primary gas flow onto the material at the set temperature, and stopping the primary gas flow and starting a secondary gas flow at the set temperature. This data stream is then displayed analyzing the weight change of the material over time.

A method for determining the oxygen surface exchange property of a material in a solid oxide fuel cell. The method begins by first receiving a data stream comprising of continuous weight measurements of the material and time measurements of when the continuous weight measurements of the material are taken. While receiving the data stream an oxygen concentration test is performed which involves: flowing a degradation gas flow onto the cathode material while simultaneously increasing the temperature of the primary gas flow to a set temperature, flowing the degradation gas flow onto the material at the set temperature, stopping the degradation gas flow and starting a primary gas flow at the set temperature, flowing the primary gas flow onto the material at the set temperature, and stopping the primary gas flow and starting a secondary gas flow at the set temperature. This data stream is then displayed analyzing the weight change of the material over time.

A crucible for a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) system can include a side wall defining a crucible opening, and a base enclosed by side wall and opposite the crucible opening. The base and side wall form an interior volume configured to hold a material for thermogravimetric analysis. The base can include a base shape configured to prevent a center of mass of the material within the crucible from shifting during thermogravimetric analysis.

A crucible for a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) system can include a side wall defining a crucible opening, and a base enclosed by side wall and opposite the crucible opening. The base and side wall form an interior volume configured to hold a material for thermogravimetric analysis. The base can include a base shape configured to prevent a center of mass of the material within the crucible from shifting during thermogravimetric analysis.

This invention relates to a method of estimating the organic carbon content of soil or changes in organic carbon content of the soil over time using Loss On Ignition (LOI) in which a first sample of the soil is taken from a selected location and heated by forcing heated oxygen-containing gas through the soil sample, monitoring the temperature of the sample by using at least one temperature sensing means within the soil sample and varying the supply of the gas to the sample in accordance with the temperature of the sample as sensed by the sensing means to remove organic materials including organic carbon from the soil sample by burning off or oxidising the organic materials.

This invention relates to a method of estimating the organic carbon content of soil or changes in organic carbon content of the soil over time using Loss On Ignition (LOI) in which a first sample of the soil is taken from a selected location and heated by forcing heated oxygen-containing gas through the soil sample, monitoring the temperature of the sample by using at least one temperature sensing means within the soil sample and varying the supply of the gas to the sample in accordance with the temperature of the sample as sensed by the sensing means to remove organic materials including organic carbon from the soil sample by burning off or oxidising the organic materials.

The disclosure relates to a survey method of soil carbon stock in vegetated coastal wetlands, which excludes the influence of plant's fine roots when estimating the soil carbon stock, and effectively avoids double counting organic carbon stock of the fine roots in soil carbon stock surveys. At the same time, this method does not require bulk density calculation, which reduces the influence of sample volume compression during sample processing when calculating bulk density and provides a more accurate survey method for the study of coastal wetland carbon stock.

Methods and systems for correction of water content measurements include determining an apparent water content measurement of a sample material while the sample material is dried in ambient vapor pressure conditions, determining a correction value that represents a relationship between the apparent water content and the vapor pressure, and correcting the apparent water content measurement based on the correction value. These methods and systems can reduce cost, measurement time, and error in water content measurement for products that lose water over time, such as while being dried or cured.

A thermal analysis apparatus includes: a cylindrical heating furnace extending in an axial direction; a weight detector arranged on a rear-end side in the axial direction of the cylindrical heating furnace and including levers extending in the axial direction to detect a weight; a connecting portion for connecting the cylindrical heating furnace and the weight detector to communicate an internal space of the cylindrical heating furnace with an internal space of the weight detector and positioning the levers from the weight detector into the cylindrical heating furnace; sample holding portions connected to tip ends of the levers and arranged inside the cylindrical heating furnace and holding a sample; resistance heaters arranged to cover the weight detector and energized by an electric current of 6 A or less; and a heater control part for controlling an energization state of the resistance heaters to maintain the weight detector at a constant temperature.

A nozzle apparatus comprising: an inlet, an outlet, a filter disposed between the inlet and the outlet, and, a container; wherein the nozzle apparatus defines a first flow path for particles too large for said filter and a second flow path towards the outlet for particles small enough for said filter; and wherein the container is provided downstream of the first flow path. In this way the pressure on the container downstream of the first fluid path causes the debris to accumulate therein and the nozzle is less liable to blockages. The apparatus is of particular use as a sprinkler system.