Jet fuels' thermal oxidation characteristics are evaluated via the Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels. This test method mimics the thermal stress conditions encountered by jet fuel in operation and is often carried out by laboratory devices, known as rigs. The rigs include a test section having a sleeve and a heater tube arranged therein. A pair of bus bars secure the test section to the rig and apply a current to the heater tube. The applied current heats the heater tube and subjects the sample jet fuels that are flowing in the volume between the sleeve and heater tube to high temperatures, which may produce thermal oxidation deposits on the heater tube. Heater tubes are difficult to install, however, and a gauge may be used to ensure accurate placement of the heater tube within the sleeve. In addition, the fuel sample must be prepared via an aeration process, and systems are disclosed for automating the aeration process such that the sample is prepared precisely according to the test standard. Moreover, the rig includes a pump system that moves the fuel sample through the test section, and a pump system is provided in a double syringe arrangement that optimizes fuel flow through the test section without fluctuation. Finally, the rigs include cooling systems for cooling the bus bars and maintaining an appropriate thermal profile within the heater tube, and cooling systems may be provided that independently control the temperature of each bus bar.

Jet fuels' thermal oxidation characteristics are evaluated via the Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels. This test method mimics the thermal stress conditions encountered by jet fuel in operation and is often carried out by laboratory devices, known as rigs. The rigs include a test section having a sleeve and a heater tube arranged therein. A pair of bus bars secure the test section to the rig and apply a current to the heater tube. The applied current heats the heater tube and subjects the sample jet fuels that are flowing in the volume between the sleeve and heater tube to high temperatures, which may produce thermal oxidation deposits on the heater tube. Heater tubes are difficult to install, however, and a gauge may be used to ensure accurate placement of the heater tube within the sleeve. In addition, the fuel sample must be prepared via an aeration process, and systems are disclosed for automating the aeration process such that the sample is prepared precisely according to the test standard. Moreover, the rig includes a pump system that moves the fuel sample through the test section, and a pump system is provided in a double syringe arrangement that optimizes fuel flow through the test section without fluctuation. Finally, the rigs include cooling systems for cooling the bus bars and maintaining an appropriate thermal profile within the heater tube, and cooling systems may be provided that independently control the temperature of each bus bar.

The present invention relates to a component for measuring a pressure change in a pouch-type battery, and a method for measuring a pressure change in a pouch-type battery by using the same and, particularly, to: a component connectable to pressure gauge by being mounted in a pouch-type battery for measuring a pressure change in the pouch-type battery; and a method for measuring a pressure change in a pouch-type battery by using the same.

Jet fuels' thermal oxidation characteristics are evaluated via the Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels. This test method mimics the thermal stress conditions encountered by jet fuel in operation and is often carried out by laboratory devices, known as rigs. The rigs include a test section having a sleeve and a heater tube arranged therein. A pair of bus bars secure the test section to the rig and apply a current to the heater tube. The applied current heats the heater tube and subjects the sample jet fuels that are flowing in the volume between the sleeve and heater tube to high temperatures, which may produce thermal oxidation deposits on the heater tube. Heater tubes are difficult to install, however, and a gauge may be used to ensure accurate placement of the heater tube within the sleeve. In addition, the fuel sample must be prepared via an aeration process, and systems are disclosed for automating the aeration process such that the sample is prepared precisely according to the test standard. Moreover, the rig includes a pump system that moves the fuel sample through the test section, and a pump system is provided in a double syringe arrangement that optimizes fuel flow through the test section without fluctuation. Finally, the rigs include cooling systems for cooling the bus bars and maintaining an appropriate thermal profile within the heater tube, and cooling systems may be provided that independently control the temperature of each bus bar.

Jet fuels' thermal oxidation characteristics are evaluated via the Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels. This test method mimics the thermal stress conditions encountered by jet fuel in operation and is often carried out by laboratory devices, known as rigs. The rigs include a test section having a sleeve and a heater tube arranged therein. A pair of bus bars secure the test section to the rig and apply a current to the heater tube. The applied current heats the heater tube and subjects the sample jet fuels that are flowing in the volume between the sleeve and heater tube to high temperatures, which may produce thermal oxidation deposits on the heater tube. Heater tubes are difficult to install, however, and a gauge may be used to ensure accurate placement of the heater tube within the sleeve. In addition, the fuel sample must be prepared via an aeration process, and systems are disclosed for automating the aeration process such that the sample is prepared precisely according to the test standard. Moreover, the rig includes a pump system that moves the fuel sample through the test section, and a pump system is provided in a double syringe arrangement that optimizes fuel flow through the test section without fluctuation. Finally, the rigs include cooling systems for cooling the bus bars and maintaining an appropriate thermal profile within the heater tube, and cooling systems may be provided that independently control the temperature of each bus bar.

A device for testing a sample via a gas stream that includes an opening, a generator for generating a gas stream in the device along at least one flow path, at least one pressure sensor, and a mass flowmeter configured to measure the mass flow rate of the gas stream along each flow path. The flow path including an exhaust path terminating at the opening, and the gas stream generator configured to exhaust a leakage gas along the exhaust path. The pressure sensor includes an exhaust pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure of the leakage gas along the exhaust path, and the mass flowmeter is configured to measure a parameter representing the mass flow rate of the leakage gas along the exhaust path. A calculation device determines the size of a leak hole, based on a measurement of the parameter representing the mass flow rate along the exhaust path.

A device for testing a sample via a gas stream that includes an opening, a generator for generating a gas stream in the device along at least one flow path, at least one pressure sensor, and a mass flowmeter configured to measure the mass flow rate of the gas stream along each flow path. The flow path including an exhaust path terminating at the opening, and the gas stream generator configured to exhaust a leakage gas along the exhaust path. The pressure sensor includes an exhaust pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure of the leakage gas along the exhaust path, and the mass flowmeter is configured to measure a parameter representing the mass flow rate of the leakage gas along the exhaust path. A calculation device determines the size of a leak hole, based on a measurement of the parameter representing the mass flow rate along the exhaust path.

The present invention provides devices, systems and methods for installing water potential detectors in plants stems, measuring the water potential in the plants, and evaluating crop irrigation conditions.

Determination of transport phenomena properties in porous media is one major objective of core analysis studies in petrophysics, reservoir engineering, and groundwater hydrology. Porosity measurement may be considered as a key factor to identify the hydraulic performance of a low permeable porous medium (e.g. rock or concrete). Additionally, the rate of absorption under pressure depends on the permeability, which is related to the connectivity between the existing pores within the porous structure. An alternative Gas Expansion Induced Water Intrusion Porosimetry (GEIWIP) method and apparatus is useful to measure the total porosity and pore size distribution, using a gas/water intrusion apparatus for water tight materials.

Provided is sensor built-in filter structure arranged in a wafer accommodation container, comprising: a first filter; a second filter arranged closer to a wafer accommodation chamber of the wafer accommodation container than to the first filter; and a gas detection sensor arranged between the first filter and the second filter to detect a state of a gas.