A method of determining an API gravity of a crude oil is provided. The method includes obtaining a reservoir sample containing the crude oil and heating the sample to a first temperature using an oxidative testing apparatus. The sample is then heated to a second temperature, which is greater than the first temperature, over a period using a fixed heating rate. The rate of carbon dioxide emission from the sample is detected during the period of heating to the second temperature. The peak rate of carbon dioxide emission from the sample is then determined and the peak carbon dioxide emission temperature associated with the peak rate of carbon dioxide emission is also determined. The API gravity of the crude oil in the reservoir sample is determined using an empirical correlation between API gravity and the peak carbon dioxide emission temperature associated with the fixed heating rate.

A method of determining an API gravity of a crude oil is provided. The method includes obtaining a reservoir sample containing the crude oil and heating the sample to a first temperature using an oxidative testing apparatus. The sample is then heated to a second temperature, which is greater than the first temperature, over a period using a fixed heating rate. The rate of carbon dioxide emission from the sample is detected during the period of heating to the second temperature. The peak rate of carbon dioxide emission from the sample is then determined and the peak carbon dioxide emission temperature associated with the peak rate of carbon dioxide emission is also determined. The API gravity of the crude oil in the reservoir sample is determined using an empirical correlation between API gravity and the peak carbon dioxide emission temperature associated with the fixed heating rate.

A digital densitometer for a fluid gauging system includes a frequency detection device configured to be disposed within a fluid tank, wherein a frequency detected by the frequency detection device is indicative of a density of a fluid within the fluid tank, frequency detection circuitry configured to obtain the frequency from the frequency detection device and output the frequency in a digital form, and an interface for digital communication with an electronic controller, the digital communication comprising transmission of the digital form of the frequency for the electronic controller.

A digital densitometer for a fluid gauging system includes a frequency detection device configured to be disposed within a fluid tank, wherein a frequency detected by the frequency detection device is indicative of a density of a fluid within the fluid tank, frequency detection circuitry configured to obtain the frequency from the frequency detection device and output the frequency in a digital form, and an interface for digital communication with an electronic controller, the digital communication comprising transmission of the digital form of the frequency for the electronic controller.

An apparatus and method for generating olfactory information. The apparatus for generating olfactory information generates olfactory information that can be shared between a real world and at least one virtual world. The apparatus for generating olfactory information includes a sensor and a processor. The sensor recognizes a real-world odor, and acquires the original data of the result of the detection of the real-world odor. The processor acquires representative data including the evaluation of the quantitative numerical value of the real-world odor by analyzing the original data, and generates real-world olfactory information including both the original data and the representative data.

An apparatus and method for generating olfactory information. The apparatus for generating olfactory information generates olfactory information that can be shared between a real world and at least one virtual world. The apparatus for generating olfactory information includes a sensor and a processor. The sensor recognizes a real-world odor, and acquires the original data of the result of the detection of the real-world odor. The processor acquires representative data including the evaluation of the quantitative numerical value of the real-world odor by analyzing the original data, and generates real-world olfactory information including both the original data and the representative data.

A high-efficiency particle analysis method includes the following steps: taking representative air-dried samples and measuring a moisture content; boiling, sieving, weighing and adding a dispersant; conducting a particle analysis test; reading four readings of 1.sup.st to 59.sup.th and 60.sup.th to 90.sup.th samples; and drawing a particle size distribution curve showing the relationship between the particle size and the percentage of below a certain diameter. According to the method, a time difference is used to change the measurement mode, and the four readings of the 59.sup.th and 90.sup.th samples are read in a cycling manner; and a novel test method is provided on the premise of ensuring quality, thus greatly improving the efficiency of a particle analysis test and meeting production requirements.

A high-efficiency particle analysis method includes the following steps: taking representative air-dried samples and measuring a moisture content; boiling, sieving, weighing and adding a dispersant; conducting a particle analysis test; reading four readings of 1.sup.st to 59.sup.th and 60.sup.th to 90.sup.th samples; and drawing a particle size distribution curve showing the relationship between the particle size and the percentage of below a certain diameter. According to the method, a time difference is used to change the measurement mode, and the four readings of the 59.sup.th and 90.sup.th samples are read in a cycling manner; and a novel test method is provided on the premise of ensuring quality, thus greatly improving the efficiency of a particle analysis test and meeting production requirements.

A hyper-velocity impact sensor is configured to probe a mass of material consumed upon impact with an object. The probe can extract density and thickness characteristics of the impacted object, which can be used to classify the object.

A hyper-velocity impact sensor is configured to probe a mass of material consumed upon impact with an object. The probe can extract density and thickness characteristics of the impacted object, which can be used to classify the object.