Provided are epithelial cell spheroids including spheroids that have apical membranes and cilia that face towards the interior core of the spheroid and spheroids that have apical membranes and cilia that face away from the interior core of the spheroid. Also provided methods of making and using such spheroids.

The present disclosure relates to the determination of the rheological behavior of a fluid.

The present disclosure relates to the determination of the rheological behavior of a fluid.

A computer-readable storage medium storing a multilayer fluid analysis program is provided for analyzing a multilayer fluid on a feed block type T-die as 2.5 dimensions in which each layer is divided into elements. The program causing a computer to execute: a layer thickness calculation process for calculating the layer thickness under a condition that stresses in a normal direction and a tangential direction equilibrate on an interface of each layer and a flow velocity on the interface is continuous, without considering a fluid flow in a thickness direction, considering a viscoelastic effect of a fluid to analyze an encapsulation phenomenon, and based on a shape of the feed block and a second normal stress difference of resin assuming that a layer thickness in a transverse direction fluctuates in a developmental state; and a display process of displaying a calculation result of the layer thickness calculation process.

A computer-readable storage medium storing a multilayer fluid analysis program is provided for analyzing a multilayer fluid on a feed block type T-die as 2.5 dimensions in which each layer is divided into elements. The program causing a computer to execute: a layer thickness calculation process for calculating the layer thickness under a condition that stresses in a normal direction and a tangential direction equilibrate on an interface of each layer and a flow velocity on the interface is continuous, without considering a fluid flow in a thickness direction, considering a viscoelastic effect of a fluid to analyze an encapsulation phenomenon, and based on a shape of the feed block and a second normal stress difference of resin assuming that a layer thickness in a transverse direction fluctuates in a developmental state; and a display process of displaying a calculation result of the layer thickness calculation process.

The apparatus for testing the stability of dispersed particles in flowing suspensions includes a sample receiving cup having a lower wall and an open upper end. A cup outlet is disposed in the lower wall, and the sample receiving cup is adapted for receiving a suspension sample through the open upper end. A pump is in fluid communication with the sample receiving cup through the cup outlet. The pump extracts the suspension sample through the cup outlet to produce a pressurized suspension stream. A recirculation pipe has a pipe inlet and a pipe outlet, the pipe inlet being in fluid communication with the pump for receiving the pressurized suspension stream, and the pipe outlet returns the pressurized suspension stream to the sample receiving cup, through the open upper end thereof. A power monitor is in communication with the pump for monitoring the power output of the pump.

The apparatus for testing the stability of dispersed particles in flowing suspensions includes a sample receiving cup having a lower wall and an open upper end. A cup outlet is disposed in the lower wall, and the sample receiving cup is adapted for receiving a suspension sample through the open upper end. A pump is in fluid communication with the sample receiving cup through the cup outlet. The pump extracts the suspension sample through the cup outlet to produce a pressurized suspension stream. A recirculation pipe has a pipe inlet and a pipe outlet, the pipe inlet being in fluid communication with the pump for receiving the pressurized suspension stream, and the pipe outlet returns the pressurized suspension stream to the sample receiving cup, through the open upper end thereof. A power monitor is in communication with the pump for monitoring the power output of the pump.

The present invention provides a method for preparing colloidal palladium nanoparticles and using them for increased sensitivity in lateral flow immunoassays. Glutaraldehyde is used in preparing the colloidal palladium that allows rapid attachment of biomolecules. Colloidal palladium nanoparticles are labeled with a protein, such as a biomolecule or an antibody. These labeled colloidal palladium particles catalytically develop a dye to detect the presence of an analyte.

The present invention provides a method for preparing colloidal palladium nanoparticles and using them for increased sensitivity in lateral flow immunoassays. Glutaraldehyde is used in preparing the colloidal palladium that allows rapid attachment of biomolecules. Colloidal palladium nanoparticles are labeled with a protein, such as a biomolecule or an antibody. These labeled colloidal palladium particles catalytically develop a dye to detect the presence of an analyte.

Systems and methods for monitoring and controlling dynamic multi-phase flow phenomena, capable of sensing, detecting, quantifying, and inferring characteristics, properties, and compositions (including static and dynamic characteristics, properties and compositions). The systems combine machine vision and mathematical models, which enables direct observation and detection of static and dynamic multi-phase fluid flow properties and phenomena (e.g. voids, waves, shadows, dimples, wrinkles, foam, bubbles, particulates, discrete materials, collections of materials, and position) and inferring other properties and phenomena (e.g. flow regimes, bubble velocities and accelerations, material deposition rates, erosion rates, phasic critical behavioral points as related to heat transfer, and the volumetric and mass flow rates of the phases) that are used to monitor and control systems applied to a multi-phase fluid flow system.