A device and a system are for measuring fluid potential in a plant tissue by measuring pressure changes caused due to osmosis of the plant fluid. The measuring device includes a compartment having a ridged body configured for containing an osmoticum. The compartment has at least one opening; at least two selective barrier layers, such as a membrane positioned at least over the openings of the compartment; and at least one pressure sensor configured for detecting changes in pressure of fluid in the compartment. The selective barrier is located for selectively allowing water transfer between the plant fluid and the osmoticum in the compartment. The compartment is configured such that there is a direct contact between the plant fluid and the osmoticum therein via the selective barrier.

A device and a system are for measuring fluid potential in a plant tissue by measuring pressure changes caused due to osmosis of the plant fluid. The measuring device includes a compartment having a ridged body configured for containing an osmoticum. The compartment has at least one opening; at least two selective barrier layers, such as a membrane positioned at least over the openings of the compartment; and at least one pressure sensor configured for detecting changes in pressure of fluid in the compartment. The selective barrier is located for selectively allowing water transfer between the plant fluid and the osmoticum in the compartment. The compartment is configured such that there is a direct contact between the plant fluid and the osmoticum therein via the selective barrier.

Apparatuses, methods and storage medium associated with characterizing a fluid sample based on response of a non-planar structure are disclosed herein. In embodiments, an apparatus may include a non-planar structure having an exterior (e.g., a curved exterior) and a core having a content to change (e.g., by osmosis) responsive to application of the fluid sample to the non-planar structure. The apparatus may include one or more processors, devices, and/or circuitry to identify a value indicative of a characteristic of the fluid based on the measurement. Other embodiments may be disclosed or claimed.

Devices, systems and methods to directly quantify molecular entities and, compounds, inactive ingredients, compositions or formulations across and into specific layers of biological membranes, such as the skin. Exemplary methods enable the determination of the amount of drug into and across tissues as well as the measurement of the effect of chemicals/compounds on membranes, mainly the skin.

Devices, systems and methods to directly quantify molecular entities and, compounds, inactive ingredients, compositions or formulations across and into specific layers of biological membranes, such as the skin. Exemplary methods enable the determination of the amount of drug into and across tissues as well as the measurement of the effect of chemicals/compounds on membranes, mainly the skin.

Apparatuses, methods and storage medium associated with characterizing a fluid sample based on response of a non-planar structure are disclosed herein. In embodiments, an apparatus may include a non-planar structure having an exterior (e.g., a curved exterior) and a core having a content to change (e.g., by osmosis) responsive to application of the fluid sample to the non-planar structure. The apparatus may include one or more processors, devices, and/or circuitry to identify a value indicative of a characteristic of the fluid based on the measurement. Other embodiments may be disclosed or claimed.

Osmolarity-responsive hydrogel sensors, particularly biosensors, containing quaternary ammonium functionality, which are useful for, inter alia, continuous osmolarity monitoring with no pH interference, are disclosed. Methods of using the osmolarity-responsive hydrogels are also disclosed.

Osmolarity-responsive hydrogel sensors, particularly biosensors, containing quaternary ammonium functionality, which are useful for, inter alia, continuous osmolarity monitoring with no pH interference, are disclosed. Methods of using the osmolarity-responsive hydrogels are also disclosed.

In a first aspect the present invention relates to a system for continuous measurement of osmolarity in situ. Said system comprises phase-separated membrane enclosed compartment as the sensor in osmolarity; detection means: a processing unit, and, optionally, an output unit of absolute or relative osmolarity and/or osmolarity changes. Further, the use of the phase-separated membrane enclosed compartment, whereby the membrane is permeable to a solvent and non-permeable to the osmotically active substance for non-invasive osmolarity measurement in a liquid system is described. In addition, a method for determining osmolarity and/or osmolarity change in a system is provided including the phase-separated membrane enclosed compartment, whereby the membrane is a permeable to a solvent and non-permeable to the osmotically active substance. Finally, a set of phase-separated membrane enclosed compartment, whereby the membrane is permeable to a solvent and non-permeable to the osmotically active substance, having predetermined different inner osmolarities useful for calibrations of osmolarity of an osmolarity measuring system is disclosed.

In a first aspect the present invention relates to a system for continuous measurement of osmolarity in situ. Said system comprises phase-separated membrane enclosed compartment as the sensor in osmolarity; detection means: a processing unit, and, optionally, an output unit of absolute or relative osmolarity and/or osmolarity changes. Further, the use of the phase-separated membrane enclosed compartment, whereby the membrane is permeable to a solvent and non-permeable to the osmotically active substance for non-invasive osmolarity measurement in a liquid system is described. In addition, a method for determining osmolarity and/or osmolarity change in a system is provided including the phase-separated membrane enclosed compartment, whereby the membrane is a permeable to a solvent and non-permeable to the osmotically active substance. Finally, a set of phase-separated membrane enclosed compartment, whereby the membrane is permeable to a solvent and non-permeable to the osmotically active substance, having predetermined different inner osmolarities useful for calibrations of osmolarity of an osmolarity measuring system is disclosed.