The device (100) comprises a cavity (101) and at least two microporous membranes (102), wherein the microporous membranes (102) are arranged in series in the cavity (101) and divide the cavity (101) into a plurality of chambers (1011); each of the microporous membranes (102) is provided with micropores (103), and two adjacent chambers (1011) are in communication via the micropores (103); and each of the chambers (1011) is provided with an electrode (1012).

Provided are an active droplet generating apparatus capable of controlling a droplet size, a method of controlling a droplet size using the same, and a self-diagnosis apparatus for diagnosing generation of a droplet, the active droplet generating apparatus including: a disposable microchannel upper plate; a multifunctional lower plate separated from the disposable microchannel upper plate and configured to be permanently used separately from the disposable microchannel upper plate; a functional polymeric film provided on a lower surface of the upper plate; a negative pressure forming means; and a flow velocity control device configured to adjust the droplet size to a desired size by receiving, by feedback, the voltage value measured by the droplet measuring electrode and controlling flow velocities of the oil and the sample, thereby controlling the droplet size in a feedback control manner by quickly and accurately measuring the droplet size using a capacitance impedance technique.

Provided are an active droplet generating apparatus capable of controlling a droplet size, a method of controlling a droplet size using the same, and a self-diagnosis apparatus for diagnosing generation of a droplet, the active droplet generating apparatus including: a disposable microchannel upper plate; a multifunctional lower plate separated from the disposable microchannel upper plate and configured to be permanently used separately from the disposable microchannel upper plate; a functional polymeric film provided on a lower surface of the upper plate; a negative pressure forming means; and a flow velocity control device configured to adjust the droplet size to a desired size by receiving, by feedback, the voltage value measured by the droplet measuring electrode and controlling flow velocities of the oil and the sample, thereby controlling the droplet size in a feedback control manner by quickly and accurately measuring the droplet size using a capacitance impedance technique.

A field flow fractionator (FFF device) 1 classifies particles in a liquid sample by applying a field to a liquid sample supplied from a sample injection device 5. A detector 6 detects the particles in the liquid sample classified by the FFF device 1. A bypass flow path 8 supplies the liquid sample from the sample injection device 5 to the detector 6 without via the FFF device 1. A rotary valve (flow path switching unit) 4 switches a flow path to guide the liquid sample from the sample injection device 5 to the FFF device 1 or a bypass flow path 8. The bypass flow path 8 is provided with a concentration adjusting device 9 for adjusting the concentration of the liquid sample from the sample injection device 5. In a case where a sample with the same quantity as the sample supplied to the FFF device 1 is supplied to the bypass flow path 8 at the time of analysis, the sample is diluted by the concentration adjusting device 9 such that a detection signal from the detector 6 falls within a dynamic range.

The present disclosure provides apparatuses, systems, and methods for performing particle analysis through flow cytometry at comparatively high event rates and for gathering high resolution images of particles.

A process is provided for the determination of oil dispersant effectiveness. A submersible dispersant sensing platform is passed across a body of water. The platform has a plurality of sensors including a multichannel fluorometer and a particle size analyser, and each sensor produces an output data stream. The body of water is continuously analysed at a predetermined depth profile below the surface of the body of water. Hydrodynamic and environmental condition data is collected proximate in time and location to the output data from the dispersant sensing platform. The environmental condition data includes one or more of ambient temperature, body or water temperature, salinity of the body of water, wind speed, location, mixing energy of the body of water and derivatives thereof. Oil and dispersant data is provided which includes characteristics of the dispersant and of oil samples prior to the application of the dispersant. The output data stream, the hydrodynamic and environmental condition data, and the oil and dispersant data is processed to generate an indicator of the state of dispersion of the oil and of the oil dispersant efficiency under the hydrodynamic and environmental conditions the oil is exposed to. A system for the determination of oil dispersant efficacy is also provided.

A process is provided for the determination of oil dispersant effectiveness. A submersible dispersant sensing platform is passed across a body of water. The platform has a plurality of sensors including a multichannel fluorometer and a particle size analyser, and each sensor produces an output data stream. The body of water is continuously analysed at a predetermined depth profile below the surface of the body of water. Hydrodynamic and environmental condition data is collected proximate in time and location to the output data from the dispersant sensing platform. The environmental condition data includes one or more of ambient temperature, body or water temperature, salinity of the body of water, wind speed, location, mixing energy of the body of water and derivatives thereof. Oil and dispersant data is provided which includes characteristics of the dispersant and of oil samples prior to the application of the dispersant. The output data stream, the hydrodynamic and environmental condition data, and the oil and dispersant data is processed to generate an indicator of the state of dispersion of the oil and of the oil dispersant efficiency under the hydrodynamic and environmental conditions the oil is exposed to. A system for the determination of oil dispersant efficacy is also provided.

Techniques for monitoring particulate matter (PM) mass concentration using relatively low cost devices are described. A computer-implemented method comprises determining, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, relationships between: first PM mass data determined by a monitor station device for a first atmospheric area over a period of time; first PM count data determined by a reference PM count device for the first atmospheric area over the period of time; and first conditional information comprising first values for defined conditional parameters, wherein the first values are associated with the first atmospheric area over the period of time. The method further includes generating an initial conversion model based on the relationships, wherein the conversion model converts a PM count to a PM mass based on one or more conditional parameters of the defined conditional parameters and features for updating the conversion model.

A flow nanoparticle measurement device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a flow cell configured to form a flow path through which a liquid sample flows, a laser generator configured to generate a first laser beam and irradiate the first laser beam to the flow cell, a plurality of detectors disposed in the flow cell and configured to detect a shock wave of a plasma generated in the flow cell by the first laser beam and generate a detection signal, and a controller configured to obtain the detection signal from the plurality of detectors and determine a type and a size of nanoparticles contained in the liquid sample in response to the detection signal.

A method for processing a substrate that includes: applying, at an ionizer, a drive pulse train to an ion source to ionize a gas cluster beam and transfer the drive pulse train to the gas cluster beam; measuring, at a detector exposed to the gas cluster beam, a beam current synchronously with the drive pulse train; obtaining time-of-flight information of the clusters and the monomers in the gas cluster beam based on the beam current and the drive pulse train; determining size information relating to a size distribution of clusters and monomers in the gas cluster ion beam based on the time-of-flight information; adjusting a process parameter of the gas cluster beam based on the size information; and exposing the substrate to the gas cluster beam with the adjusted process parameter.