The invention relates to a method for determination of ambient mineral dust concentration based on optical absorption of particles concentrated by a virtual impactor as well as a device performing the said method. The method comprises the following steps: Sampling air samples with particle size smaller than 1 μm (PM.sub.1) and sampling air samples with particle size up to 10 μm; Concentrating the samples with particle sizes up to 10 μm with a virtual impactor; Measuring optical absorption of collected samples at least one wavelength from UV to IR spectre, preferably from 370 to 950 nm, most preferably at 370 nm; Subtracting the absorption of the samples with particle size smaller than 1 μm from the absorption of the sample concentrated by the virtual impactor.

The invention relates to a method for determination of ambient mineral dust concentration based on optical absorption of particles concentrated by a virtual impactor as well as a device performing the said method. The method comprises the following steps: Sampling air samples with particle size smaller than 1 μm (PM.sub.1) and sampling air samples with particle size up to 10 μm; Concentrating the samples with particle sizes up to 10 μm with a virtual impactor; Measuring optical absorption of collected samples at least one wavelength from UV to IR spectre, preferably from 370 to 950 nm, most preferably at 370 nm; Subtracting the absorption of the samples with particle size smaller than 1 μm from the absorption of the sample concentrated by the virtual impactor.

This disclosure relates generally to detection of concentration of micro and nano particles in a fluid environment. An acoustic transmitter array is selective coated with polymer and receiver array is deployed at a random location in a conduit. The acoustic transmitter array on the conduit is insonified at a predetermined frequency to obtain a plurality of reflected signals. A plurality of key features pertinent to the conduit are extracted from the plurality of reflected signals to obtain a plurality of acoustic signals. A correlation model is configured by inputting, at least one feature associated with the pre-processed acoustic signals. A known concentrations of nano and micro particles are trained with an artificial neural network algorithm and calibrated with ground truth data. The location of the transmitter array and receiver array and the correlation model are finalized for detecting concentration of the particular micro and nano particles in the fluid environment.

This disclosure relates generally to detection of concentration of micro and nano particles in a fluid environment. An acoustic transmitter array is selective coated with polymer and receiver array is deployed at a random location in a conduit. The acoustic transmitter array on the conduit is insonified at a predetermined frequency to obtain a plurality of reflected signals. A plurality of key features pertinent to the conduit are extracted from the plurality of reflected signals to obtain a plurality of acoustic signals. A correlation model is configured by inputting, at least one feature associated with the pre-processed acoustic signals. A known concentrations of nano and micro particles are trained with an artificial neural network algorithm and calibrated with ground truth data. The location of the transmitter array and receiver array and the correlation model are finalized for detecting concentration of the particular micro and nano particles in the fluid environment.

A method for determining a source-dependent particle size distribution of an aerosol by an aerosol measuring device. First, a fraction parameter is determined that corresponds to a fraction of a source-dependent aerosol part of the aerosol. In addition, a particle size distribution of the aerosol particles is determined such that the source-dependent particle size distribution of the aerosol is determined from the fraction parameter and the particle size distribution. In terms of the device, the invention comprises an aerosol measuring device for determining a source-dependent particle size distribution of an aerosol, by means of which aerosol measuring device a fraction parameter can be determined that corresponds to a fraction of a source-dependent aerosol part of the aerosol. A particle size distribution of the aerosol particles can be determined such that the source-dependent particle size distribution of the aerosol can be determined from the fraction parameter and the particle size distribution.

A method for determining a source-dependent particle size distribution of an aerosol by an aerosol measuring device. First, a fraction parameter is determined that corresponds to a fraction of a source-dependent aerosol part of the aerosol. In addition, a particle size distribution of the aerosol particles is determined such that the source-dependent particle size distribution of the aerosol is determined from the fraction parameter and the particle size distribution. In terms of the device, the invention comprises an aerosol measuring device for determining a source-dependent particle size distribution of an aerosol, by means of which aerosol measuring device a fraction parameter can be determined that corresponds to a fraction of a source-dependent aerosol part of the aerosol. A particle size distribution of the aerosol particles can be determined such that the source-dependent particle size distribution of the aerosol can be determined from the fraction parameter and the particle size distribution.

There is provided a three-dimensional structure in which a multilayer film is three-dimensionally curved to form an interior space. The multilayer film includes a layer containing a carbon monoatomic layer substance, a support layer, and a curve induction layer that induces a curved structure, where the layer containing the carbon monoatomic layer substance is in contact with the interior space, and the support layer is positioned between the layer containing the carbon monoatomic layer substance and the curve induction layer.

There is provided a three-dimensional structure in which a multilayer film is three-dimensionally curved to form an interior space. The multilayer film includes a layer containing a carbon monoatomic layer substance, a support layer, and a curve induction layer that induces a curved structure, where the layer containing the carbon monoatomic layer substance is in contact with the interior space, and the support layer is positioned between the layer containing the carbon monoatomic layer substance and the curve induction layer.

A counting method includes aggregating particles in a sample by action of first-direction dielectrophoretic force, dispersing the aggregated particles by action of second-direction dielectrophoretic force, which is different from the first-direction dielectrophoretic force, capturing a dispersion image including the dispersed particles, and determining the number of particles on the basis of the dispersion image.

A counting method includes aggregating particles in a sample by action of first-direction dielectrophoretic force, dispersing the aggregated particles by action of second-direction dielectrophoretic force, which is different from the first-direction dielectrophoretic force, capturing a dispersion image including the dispersed particles, and determining the number of particles on the basis of the dispersion image.