An improved mechanism for evaluation of degradation criticality is described. Corresponding apparatuses, systems, methods, and computer readable media are provided. The evaluation of corrosion criticality is utilized to estimate a failure pressure of a pipeline that is subject to structural degradation (e.g., metal loss corrosion). The evaluation, in some embodiments, is utilized with a specific tool configured for controlling or otherwise regulate pipeline operations responsive to the estimated failure pressure. The evaluation is a specific technical process whereby multiple failure paths through anomalies (structural defects arising from degradation features) are utilized in concert to determine an estimated failure pressure. The failure pressure, in some embodiments, is used to control actuation of one or more valve regulator features or to guide excavation.

A contamination sensor for a gas turbine engine is disclosed herein. The contamination sensor is made of a selected composition of material and includes a base alloy, an alloy for improving oxide formation, and at least one element from the transition metal group. The composition of the contamination sensor can be adjusted to react with specific contaminants at specific temperature ranges.

A hydrogen permeability testing device can measure hydrogen amount(s) entering a metal material by electrochemical hydrogen permeation. The device may include: a metal specimen having a hydrogen entry face through which hydrogen enters, a hydrogen detection face on which the entered hydrogen is detected, and a metal plating formed on the hydrogen detection face to detect the entered hydrogen; a reference and counter electrode for making an electrochemical reaction progress; an electrolytic vessel provided on a hydrogen detection face side, housing the reference and counter electrode, and containing an aqueous sodium silicate solution having a freezing point of ≤0° C. and capable of suppressing residual current to ≤10 nA/cm.sup.2 when an electric potential of the hydrogen detection face is −1 to 1 V relative to the reference electrode; and a measurement unit which measures the amount of hydrogen based on a current value resulting from the electrochemical reaction.

A sulfurization detection resistor includes: a rectangle-shaped insulating substrate; pair of front electrodes formed at both ends facing each other on a surface of the insulating substrate; plurality of sulfurization detection conductors arranged in parallel between the paired front electrodes; plurality of resistors connected between the ends of each of the sulfurization detection conductors and the paired front electrodes; and sulfide gas impermeable protective film that covers all of the resistors and some of the sulfurization detection conductors, wherein each of the sulfurization detection conductors has a sulfurization detection unit exposed from a window hole in the protective film; and by covering the sulfurization detection units with different types of sulfurization rate adjustment layers formed of an acrylic resin, a silicon resin, and the like, timing of disconnection is set so as to vary in response to a cumulative amount of sulfurization in each of the sulfurization detection units.

A method of analyzing a substrate contacting a fluid present in an industrial system is provided. The method comprises creating a series of digital images of the substrate while contacting the fluid present in the industrial system. A region of interest in the series of digital images of the substrate is defined. A corrosion feature in the region of interest in the series of digital images of the substrate is identified. The corrosion feature in the region of interest in the series of digital images of the substrate is analyzed to determine a corrosion trend of the industrial system. In certain embodiments of the method, the fluid is industrial water, and the industrial system is an industrial water system.

Methods for determining the internal corrosion rate of steel pipelines. During the methods the calibration constant is determined under laboratory conditions then by using the calibration constant field conditions are modeled under laboratory conditions and the corrosion rate is determined, then in the same manner as under laboratory conditions the corrosion rate is determined under field conditions. Further, the invention is a measuring arrangement for determining the calibration constant and the corrosion rate for the internal corrosion rate of steel pipelines (1) the arrangement is applicable to carry out the methods under laboratory and field conditions. The arrangement consists of a polarizing and measuring unit (5) having a two-channel power output (2), a potential-measuring input (3), and a ground connection (4), a control and data storage unit (6), and three probes (8) with counter-electrodes (7). At least one probe (8) is also provided with a reference electrode (9).

Systems and methods for monitoring copper corrosion in an integrated circuit (IC) device are disclosed. A corrosion-sensitive structure formed in the IC device may include a p-type active region adjacent an n-type active region to define a p-n junction space charge region. A copper region formed over the silicon may be connected to both the p-region and n-region by respective contacts, to thereby define a short circuit. Light incident on the p-n junction space charge region, e.g., during a CMP process, creates a current flow through the metal region via the short circuit, which drives chemical reactions that cause corrosion in the copper region. Due to the short circuit configuration, the copper region is highly sensitive to corrosion. The corrosion-sensitive structure may be arranged with less corrosion-sensitive copper structures in the IC device, with the corrosion-sensitive structure used as a proxy to monitor for copper corrosion in the IC device.

The multiple rig stress corrosion cracking testing device is a stress corrosion cracking and sulfide stress cracking testing device for engineering material specimens. The device includes a pressure and temperature autoclave chamber and also includes four testing rigs for simultaneous stress corrosion cracking testing of a circumferential notched tensile specimen, a compact tension or a double cantilever beam specimen, a cantilever bend specimen, and a center cracked plate specimen under varying experimental conditions. The specimens may be of similar or different materials.

A method and system for diagnosing a condition of an engine is described herein. The method comprises obtaining a sample of lubricating fluid from the engine, filtering the sample to obtain a plurality of particles from the lubricating fluid, determining surface chemical compositions for the plurality of particles, comparing the surface chemical compositions to at least one reference chemical composition associated with corrosion of the engine, determining a level of corrosion of the engine based on the comparing, and diagnosing a condition of the engine based on the level of corrosion.

The invention discloses a method and a system for predicting the corrosion fatigue life of prestressed concrete bridges. A corrosion level of the strand is predicted to obtain the residual tension force of a structure. A stress concentration factor is integrated to consider the stress concentration effect caused by pitting corrosion, and a growth model of the elastic stress of the strand under the coupled effect of corrosion and fatigue is proposed. A growth model of the plastic stress of the strand is established using a cross-section loss of the strand as a fatigue damage parameter based on a degenerated elastic modulus of the concrete after fatigue. Failure criteria for the concrete, the strand, and a longitudinal tension bar are defined, so that a set of methods for analyzing the life of a prestressed concrete bridge subjected to corrosive environment and fatigue load are formed.