Methods for determining the internal corrosion rate of steel pipelines. During the methods the calibration constant is determined under laboratory conditions then by using the calibration constant field conditions are modeled under laboratory conditions and the corrosion rate is determined, then in the same manner as under laboratory conditions the corrosion rate is determined under field conditions. Further, the invention is a measuring arrangement for determining the calibration constant and the corrosion rate for the internal corrosion rate of steel pipelines (1) the arrangement is applicable to carry out the methods under laboratory and field conditions. The arrangement consists of a polarizing and measuring unit (5) having a two-channel power output (2), a potential-measuring input (3), and a ground connection (4), a control and data storage unit (6), and three probes (8) with counter-electrodes (7). At least one probe (8) is also provided with a reference electrode (9).

Methods for determining the internal corrosion rate of steel pipelines. During the methods the calibration constant is determined under laboratory conditions then by using the calibration constant field conditions are modeled under laboratory conditions and the corrosion rate is determined, then in the same manner as under laboratory conditions the corrosion rate is determined under field conditions. Further, the invention is a measuring arrangement for determining the calibration constant and the corrosion rate for the internal corrosion rate of steel pipelines (1) the arrangement is applicable to carry out the methods under laboratory and field conditions. The arrangement consists of a polarizing and measuring unit (5) having a two-channel power output (2), a potential-measuring input (3), and a ground connection (4), a control and data storage unit (6), and three probes (8) with counter-electrodes (7). At least one probe (8) is also provided with a reference electrode (9).

A fuel dispensing system comprising a fuel tank adapted to contain a quantity of fuel. A fuel dispenser is in fluid communication with the fuel tank via piping. A pump operative to transfer fuel from the fuel tank to the fuel dispenser is also provided. The fuel dispensing system further comprises a corrosion detection assembly operative to identify presence of a corrosive substance in the fuel. The corrosion detection assembly includes at least one corrosion sensor positioned to be in contact with fuel vapor in the fuel dispensing system, the corrosion sensor producing a detector signal indicating presence of the corrosive substance. The corrosion sensor according to this aspect has a printed circuit multilayer structure in which at least one sensing element is positioned on an exposed surface of the multilayer structure and at least one reference element is positioned on an inner surface of the multilayer structure to be unexposed to the fuel vapor. Electronics in electrical communication with the corrosion sensor are operative to interpret the detector signal and produce an output if the corrosive substance is present.

A system includes a tool to dispose in a wellbore lined with pipe. The tool includes first and second receiver coils having a non-uniform winding along a longitudinal axis, a third receiver coil having a non-uniform winding coaxial with at least one of the first and second receiver coils, and a transmitter. The system includes a processor to execute instructions to perform operations including causing the transmitter to emit an induced magnetic field, measuring the induced magnetic field using the first receiver coil to create a first measurement and using the first and second receiver coils to create a second measurement. The operations include determining a static magnetic field, selecting the first or second measurement based on a magnitude of the static magnetic field to determine a selected measurement, and determining at least one property of the pipe using the selected measurement.

Systems, methods and apparatuses for inspecting a tank containing a flammable fluid are provided. The system includes a vehicle having a propeller, a latch mechanism, a pressure switch, and an inspection device. The system includes a control unit in communication with the propeller, the latch mechanism, and the inspection device, and electrically connected to the pressure switch. The control unit powers on responsive to the pressure switch detecting an ambient pressure greater than a minimum threshold. The control unit receives, from the latch mechanism, an indication of a state of the latch mechanism. The control unit determines that the cable used to lower the vehicle into the tank containing the flammable fluid is detached from the vehicle. The control unit commands the propeller to move the vehicle through the flammable fluid. The control unit determines a quality metric of a portion of the tank.

Systems, methods and apparatuses for inspecting a tank containing a flammable fluid are provided. The system includes a vehicle having a propeller, a latch mechanism, a pressure switch, and an inspection device. The system includes a control unit in communication with the propeller, the latch mechanism, and the inspection device, and electrically connected to the pressure switch. The control unit powers on responsive to the pressure switch detecting an ambient pressure greater than a minimum threshold. The control unit receives, from the latch mechanism, an indication of a state of the latch mechanism. The control unit determines that the cable used to lower the vehicle into the tank containing the flammable fluid is detached from the vehicle. The control unit commands the propeller to move the vehicle through the flammable fluid. The control unit determines a quality metric of a portion of the tank.

An erosion sensor includes a plurality of individual sensing elements arranged in a stack. Each sensing element is separated from an adjacent sensing element by an electrically non-conducting material. The erosion sensor further includes a reference sensing element, the reference sensing element being separated from the closest sensing element, of the plurality of individual sensing elements, by an electrically non-conducting material. Each sensing element has a thickness of at least 0.25 mm.

An erosion sensor includes a plurality of individual sensing elements arranged in a stack. Each sensing element is separated from an adjacent sensing element by an electrically non-conducting material. The erosion sensor further includes a reference sensing element, the reference sensing element being separated from the closest sensing element, of the plurality of individual sensing elements, by an electrically non-conducting material. Each sensing element has a thickness of at least 0.25 mm.

A material composition may include one or more polymeric materials. The material composition may also include one or more inorganic particles comprising oxides, carbonates, sulfides, or any combination thereof. Further, the material composition may include one or more metal particles that produce a detectable change in an electrical property or an optical property based on a reaction with at least one of H2O, CO2, or H2S. The one or more inorganic particles and the one or more metal particles may be dispersed within the one or more polymeric materials.

Methods and systems are provided for treating the tail gas stream of a sulfur recovery plant. The methods including generating a tail gas stream from a sulfur recovery plant, treating the tail gas stream with a hydrogen sulfide absorption unit and a hydrogen selective membrane unit, generating a stream low in hydrogen sulfide and a stream rich in hydrogen. The hydrogen sulfide rich stream is recycled to the sulfur recovery unit. The hydrogen selective membrane unit includes a glassy polymer membrane selective for hydrogen over hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.