An apparatus and method for inspection of at least one of grass, artificial turf, infill, or dirt, on a surface, using optical photographic images from a camera and three-dimensional (“3D”) depth scans using the camera and one or more laser, to create a mask to distinguish aspects of the surface, so that the surface can be measured and analyzed.

A device and test method for characterizing granular materials for angle of repose, static and dynamic flow properties, and process parameter variables by means of defining a sample retention boundary. The device is composed of a funnel for dynamic testing, a retention ring for static testing, a base, and a test device having an upper surface set at one or more angles to determine conditions in which samples are retained. By varying the texture of the surface, flow characteristics and other process issues can be evaluated.

The disclosure relates to a steering device for steering a vehicle, having a housing and having a rack. The rack is movable in the longitudinal direction of the rack and in relation to the housing. The rack has a detection installation for detecting an ingress of water. In order to be able to detect an ingress of water at an early stage, in a reliable manner and/or by an ideally cost-effective detection installation. The steering device includes that the detection installation has at least one friction installation which reacts to an ingress of water. The friction installation, upon reacting to the ingress of water and in the event of a movement of the rack, causing an increase in friction.

A pin-on-plate friction and wear test device includes a high temperature heating chamber and a cooling pin. The high temperature heating chamber is fastened horizontally to the mobile base. The axis of the cooling pin is perpendicular to the upper surface of the mobile base. The electric resistance heating plate is located in the bottom closed space under the friction sample plate in the high temperature heating chamber. The electric resistance heats the fixed sample to experiment temperature. The inner layout of pin is a circling cooling channel where the cooling medium adjusts and cools the temperature of the sample. Thermocouples are separately distributed in the temperature measuring groove of the high temperature heating chamber and the temperature measuring hole of the cooling pin for real-time temperature measurement. The device can simulate the friction and wear properties of the high-strength steel plate and hot-stamping die in the differential temperature environment.

A skin treatment system (1) such as a depilating system comprises a functional member (20) that is configured to perform a treatment action on skin (2) and to be moved over the skin (2) during operation of the system (1), and a measurement unit (40) including a measurement member (41) that is configured to also be moved over the skin (2) during operation of the functional member (20) and to contact the skin (2) in the process. The measurement unit (40) is configured to measure at least a force value in an advancing direction in which the measurement member (41) is moved over the skin (2) during operation of the functional member (20). The measured force value in the advancing direction is used for the purpose of determining a friction coefficient value representative of the friction coefficient of the skin (2), which allows for assessing skin condition.

A skin treatment system (1) such as a depilating system comprises a functional member (20) that is configured to perform a treatment action on skin (2) and to be moved over the skin (2) during operation of the system (1), and a measurement unit (40) including a measurement member (41) that is configured to also be moved over the skin (2) during operation of the functional member (20) and to contact the skin (2) in the process. The measurement unit (40) is configured to measure at least a force value in an advancing direction in which the measurement member (41) is moved over the skin (2) during operation of the functional member (20). The measured force value in the advancing direction is used for the purpose of determining a friction coefficient value representative of the friction coefficient of the skin (2), which allows for assessing skin condition.

A device for measuring hair properties has a first part (I) and a second part (II) between which hair (H) is guided. The first part includes a measuring probe (MP), and the second part is arranged for deforming the hair against the measuring probe. While the device moves along the hair, the measuring probe experiences both a friction force resulting from the hair being guided along the measuring probe, and a deformation force resulting from hair deformation by the second part against the measuring probe. The second part includes a pressure element (PB, S) for pressing the hair against the measuring probe. In alternative embodiments, the second part comprises alignment elements (AE) at opposite sides of the measuring probe, and guidance elements (G) for mitigating an influence of an angle at which the device is applied to the hair to the friction force and/or the deformation force.

A device for measuring hair properties has a first part (I) and a second part (II) between which hair (H) is guided. The first part includes a measuring probe (MP), and the second part is arranged for deforming the hair against the measuring probe. While the device moves along the hair, the measuring probe experiences both a friction force resulting from the hair being guided along the measuring probe, and a deformation force resulting from hair deformation by the second part against the measuring probe. The second part includes a pressure element (PB, S) for pressing the hair against the measuring probe. In alternative embodiments, the second part comprises alignment elements (AE) at opposite sides of the measuring probe, and guidance elements (G) for mitigating an influence of an angle at which the device is applied to the hair to the friction force and/or the deformation force.

An apparatus and method for measuring position and magnitude of downhole mechanical friction. The apparatus comprises sensors that reside along, or in-line with, a section of equipment that is installed or removed from a wellbore. The sensing device is configured to measure friction relative to the wellbore during a work-over or other well intervention procedures where said section of equipment (tubing, rods, cable/wireline, etc.) is installed in, or removed from, the wellbore. Recorded measurements are processed to correct for dynamic forces to provide a measure of friction through the wellbore. Additionally, a method for applying the map of wellbore friction to the design and analysis of a rod actuated pump is presented. The method and apparatus presented herein pertain specifically to the handling of continuous rod, continuous tubing, or wireline/cable passing through the wellbore as measured at surface.

An apparatus and method for measuring position and magnitude of downhole mechanical friction. The apparatus comprises sensors that reside along, or in-line with, a section of equipment that is installed or removed from a wellbore. The sensing device is configured to measure friction relative to the wellbore during a work-over or other well intervention procedures where said section of equipment (tubing, rods, cable/wireline, etc.) is installed in, or removed from, the wellbore. Recorded measurements are processed to correct for dynamic forces to provide a measure of friction through the wellbore. Additionally, a method for applying the map of wellbore friction to the design and analysis of a rod actuated pump is presented. The method and apparatus presented herein pertain specifically to the handling of continuous rod, continuous tubing, or wireline/cable passing through the wellbore as measured at surface.