A body has multiple phases, which have different electron spin resonance spectra that do not result from the simple combination of the ESR spectra of each individual phase.

A preparation method of monolayer two-dimensional materials, including the following steps: providing a metal acetate dihydrate, with a general formula M(CH.sub.3COO).sub.2.2H.sub.2O, in which M may be metal ion cadmium or zinc. Dissolving the metal acetate dihydrate in ethylene diamine and heating to 60° C. for two hours to form a metal cation precursor solution. Providing a chalcogen element powder, in which the chalcogen element powder is selected from sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. Dissolving the chalcogen element powder and sodium borohydride in ethylene diamine, and standing at room temperature for 24 hours to form a chalcogenide-amine precursor solution. Mixing the metal cation precursor solution with the chalcogenide-amine precursor solution to form a mixed solution. Transferring the mixed solution in a high temperature autoclave for reaction to form the monolayer two-dimensional materials.

A preparation method of monolayer two-dimensional materials, including the following steps: providing a metal acetate dihydrate, with a general formula M(CH.sub.3COO).sub.2.2H.sub.2O, in which M may be metal ion cadmium or zinc. Dissolving the metal acetate dihydrate in ethylene diamine and heating to 60° C. for two hours to form a metal cation precursor solution. Providing a chalcogen element powder, in which the chalcogen element powder is selected from sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. Dissolving the chalcogen element powder and sodium borohydride in ethylene diamine, and standing at room temperature for 24 hours to form a chalcogenide-amine precursor solution. Mixing the metal cation precursor solution with the chalcogenide-amine precursor solution to form a mixed solution. Transferring the mixed solution in a high temperature autoclave for reaction to form the monolayer two-dimensional materials.

A nonlinear terahertz (THz) spectroscopy technique uses a sample illuminated by two THz pulses separately. The illumination generates two signals B.sub.A and B.sub.B, corresponding to the first and second THz pulse, respectively, after interaction with the sample. The interaction includes excitation of at least one ESR transition in the sample. The sample is also illuminated by the two THz pulses together, with an inter-pulse delay τ, generating a third signal B.sub.AB. A nonlinear signal BNL is then derived via B.sub.NL=B.sub.AB−B.sub.A−B.sub.B. This nonlinear signal B.sub.NL can be then processed (e.g., Fourier transform) to study the properties of the sample.

The disclosure concerns a magnetometer for detecting a magnetic field, comprising: a solid state electronic spin system containing a plurality of electronic spins and a solid carrier, wherein the electronic spins are configured to be capable of aligning with an external magnetic field in response to an alignment stimulus; and a detector configured to detect an alignment response of the electronic spins, such that the external magnetic field can be detected; wherein the electronic spins are provided as one or more groups, each group containing a plurality of spins, the plurality of spins in each of the one or more groups being arranged in a line that is angled at an angle Θ with respect to the local direction of the external magnetic field at the said group. Also disclosed is a method for detecting a magnetic field.

A high-frequency magnetic field generating device includes two coils arranged with a predetermined gap in parallel with each other, the two coils (a) in between which electron spin resonance material is arranged or (b) arranged at one side from electron spin resonance material; a high-frequency power supply that generates microwave current that flows in the two coils; and a transmission line part connected to the two coils, that sets a current distribution so as to locate the two coils at positions other than a node of a stationary wave.

A high-frequency magnetic field generating device includes two coils arranged with a predetermined gap in parallel with each other, the two coils (a) in between which electron spin resonance material is arranged or (b) arranged at one side from electron spin resonance material; a high-frequency power supply that generates microwave current that flows in the two coils; and a transmission line part connected to the two coils, that sets a current distribution so as to locate the two coils at positions other than a node of a stationary wave.

Improved loop-gap resonators applicable to Electron-Spin Resonance spectroscopy and to quantum computing employ interdigitated capacitor structures to dramatically increase the capacitance of the resonator, along with corresponding decreases in loop size to enable measurements of small-volume samples or individual quantum bits (qubits). The interdigitated-capacitor structures are designed to minimize parasitic inductance.

A magnetic measuring device includes: a determination part configured to identify four maximum inclination points in an average value in a visual field of a light detection magnetic resonance spectrum and configured to determined a degree of decrease in relative fluorescence intensity and a microwave frequency at each of the maximum inclination points; a setting part configured to set a reference decrease degree of the relative fluorescence intensity in a predetermined area and configured to set operating point frequency initial values at four points at which the reference decrease degree is achieved, near the microwave frequencies at the respective maximum inclination points; a frequency update part configured to update operating point frequencies at the four points; and a frequency correction part configured to input the updated operating point frequencies to a microwave oscillator as corrected operating point frequencies.

A diamond probe is suitable to be attached to an Atomic Force Microscope and is created with a tip that incorporates a one or more Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centers located near the end of the tip. The probe arm acts as an optical waveguide to propagate the emission from the NV center with high efficiency and a beveled end directs excitation light to the NV center and directs photoluminescence light emanating from the NV center into the probe arm. The light source (or a portion of the light source), a detector, as well as an RF antenna, if used, may be mounted to the probe arm. The probe with integrated components enable excitation of photoluminescence in the NV center as well as optically detected Electron Spin Resonance (ODMR) and temperature measurements, and may further serve as a light probe utilizing the physical effect of Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED).