In a gas sensor diagnosis device, a temperature change part varies a temperature of a sensor element in an ammonia sensor at a first temperature which is outside of the predetermined activation temperature range. A zero-voltage shift detection part detects whether the mixed potential of the sensor element is not more than a predetermined output threshold value after the temperature change part varies a temperature of the sensor element. A temperature acquisition part detects a zero-voltage shift temperature of the sensor element at which the zero-voltage shift detection part detects that the mixed potential of the sensor element drops below the predetermined output threshold value. The deterioration state detection part detects a deterioration state of the ammonia sensor based on the zero-voltage shift temperature of the sensor element detected by the temperature acquisition part.

A sensor is disclosed. The sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a substrate; a first electrode pattern disposed on one side of the substrate to form a layer; a second electrode pattern disposed on the one side of the substrate to form a layer and separated from the first electrode pattern; a sensing layer located on the one side of the substrate and covering the first electrode pattern and the second electrode pattern and containing a semiconductor; a protective layer located on the one side of the substrate and covering at least a part of the sensing layer, and containing a material different from that of the sensing layer; a first electrode pad disposed on the one side of the substrate to form a layer and electrically connected to the first electrode pattern; a second electrode pad disposed on the one side of the substrate and electrically connected to the second electrode pattern; and a housing accommodating the substrate and including a filter spaced apart from the substrate, wherein the substrate includes an opening formed adjacent to an outer boundary of the first and second electrode patterns.

A flash fire instrumented manikin articulation system designed to evaluate the thermal protective performance of protective clothing when exposed to flames. The flash fire instrumented manikin articulation system includes an instrumented manikin and an articulation system designed to simulate exposure to a flash fire and simulate dynamic movement including walking and jogging.

The invention discloses a apparatus and a method for rapid measurement of heat capacity of a thin film material. Specifically, the apparatus comprises a control device, a clock synchronizer, a flat peak laser device, a rapid thermometer and a heat capacity output device; the control device and the clock synchronizer are signally connected, and the clock synchronizer is signally connected to the flat peak laser device and the rapid thermometer; In the working state, the control device sends a start signal to the clock synchronizer, and the flat peak laser device and the fast thermometer coordinately cooperate; the flat peak laser device irradiates a laser with a spatially flat peak to the surface of the sample; At the same time, the rapid thermometer captures the surface temperature of the sample at a certain point in time during the heating process of the sample, and inputs the measured data into the heat capacity output device to obtain the desired heat capacity parameter. The device of the invention has simple structure, high efficiency and accuracy, and can provide reliable parameter data for the current thermal property setting of various ultra-thin semiconductor films.

A thermal barrier coating is provided. The thermal barrier coating is configured to remain adherent to a substrate under high strains, thus allowing the use of non-contacting strain measurement systems, using digital image correlation for example. The thermal barrier coating may include a first layer of a partially metallic material configured to adhere to a metallic substrate, and a second layer of a partially ceramic material configured to adhere to the first layer. A successful configuration has a top layer thickness that is approximately two-thirds of the first layer thickness.

A thermal sensor device is configured to determine a fluid parameter of a fluid based on the heat transfer behavior of the fluid. The sensor device comprises one or more heaters and means for determining a response of the sensor device to heater power being supplied to the heaters. For detecting sensor faults, the sensor device is operated in two different modes of operation. First and second values (c.sub.static, c.sub.dynamic) of the same fluid parameter are determined in the two modes. A fault indicator value (F) is derived by comparing the first and second values. The first mode of operation may be a steady-state mode, the first value (c.sub.static) being based on a steady-state response of the sensor device to heater power being supplied to the heaters, and the second mode of operation may be a dynamic mode, the second value (c.sub.static) being based on a transient response.

A system and a method capable of identifying a heat source position corresponding to a failure portion are provided. An analysis system according to the present invention is an analysis system that identifies a heat source position inside a semiconductor device, and includes a tester that applies an AC signal to the semiconductor device, an infrared camera that detects light from the semiconductor device according to the AC signal and outputs a detection signal, and a data analysis unit that identifies the heat source position based on the detection signal.

A sensor for measuring thermal conductivity includes an insulator, a test material over the insulator, a conductor over the test material, and a gas within an open volume adjacent the test material and the conductor. An electrical source is configured to provide an alternating current through the conductor to heat the test material. Leads are connected to the conductor and configured to connect to a voltmeter. A method of measuring thermal conductivity includes disposing the sensor in a reactor core in which a nuclear fuel undergoes irradiation and radioactive decay. An alternating current is provided from the electrical source through the conductor to heat the test material. A voltage is measured as a function of time at the leads connected to the conductor. A thermal conductivity of the test material is calculated based on the voltage measured as a function of time. Methods of forming a sensor are also disclosed.

The present invention discloses a method for acquiring thermal efficiency of a boiler, comprising: acquiring effective output heat and total output heat of the boiler, and obtaining the thermal efficiency of the boiler according to the effective output heat and total output heat. In the method provided by the present invention, by acquiring the thermal efficiency of the boiler according to the obtained effective output heat and total output heat, the thermal efficiency of the boiler can be acquired without performing coal quality testing, thus the thermal efficiency of the boiler is conveniently obtained, and the real-time capability and accuracy are satisfied.

A new device and method for more quickly and accurately performing a Thermal Response Test (TRT) to determine the Thermal Conductivity (TC) of the ground for use by a Geothermal Heat Pump (GHP) system. Existing TRT methods require testing for about 48 hours and require a very stable source of heat. This invention reduces the testing time required to under 24 hours and removes the requirement for a stable heat source, and thus will decrease the cost for TC testing and increase its use. Further, this new device and method provides more information about the thermal properties of the earth being tested than prior techniques.