The invention provides an improved method to predict the solubility of a drug or other molecule in a solid polymer or other matrix at any temperature. The instant invention provides a method to determine the difference in specific enthalpy, specific entropy and specific Gibbs energy between a solid solution and the unmixed components, as well as a method to use those data to predict the solubility of a drug or other molecule in a solid polymer or other matrix. The method uses known thermodynamics equations and thermal analysis data, such as obtained from DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) at temperatures that are lower than the temperature at which the solubility is predicted. The method allows prediction of the drug-in-polymer solubilities without the use of elevated temperatures, but still avoids impractically long experiments. The instant invention can predict the solubility at many temperatures, but is particularly useful in the pharmaceutical sciences to predict the solubility of a drug in a polymer at typical storage temperatures, which are typically near room temperature or below.

A system, comprising at least one source for irradiating electromagnetic radiation into a sample fluid and a reference fluid resulting in a change in a temperature of the sample fluid and a change in a temperature of the reference fluid, and a processing subsystem that monitors and determines a concentration of a gas of interest dissolved in the sample fluid based upon a difference between the change in the temperature of the sample fluid and the change in the temperature of the reference fluid, wherein the reference fluid does not contain the gas of interest, and the electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength range corresponding to a spectral absorption range of the gas of interest.

A method using a gas reservoir and a critical nozzle for determining physical properties and/or quantities relevant to combustion of gas or gas mixtures, the method includes: flowing a gas or gas mixture under pressure from the gas reservoir through the critical nozzle; measuring pressure drop in the gas reservoir as a function of time; determining a gas property factor (*), dependent on physical properties of the gas or gas mixture, based on the measured values of the pressure drop; and determining a desired physical property or quantity relevant to combustion based on the gas property factor (*) through correlation.

Methods and systems for processing ores by assaying the ore to determine what ore constituent has to be separated, by controlling the volume of ore processed at one time, and/or by controlling the amount of heat added to or extracted from the ore.

Methods and systems for processing ores by assaying the ore to determine what ore constituent has to be separated, by controlling the volume of ore processed at one time, and/or by controlling the amount of heat added to or extracted from the ore.

A method to determine a physical property or a quantity of gas related to combustion including: flowing a gas from a reservoir through a critical nozzle and past a microthermal sensor wherein the mass flow of the gas through the critical nozzle is the same as the mass flow through the microthermal sensor; measuring the pressure drop in the reservoir as a function of time; deriving a first gas property factor based on a time constant of the pressure drop; determining a second gas property factor which depends from a flow signal generated by the microthermal sensor; determining a thermal conductivity of the gas; and determining the physical property or quantity based on a correlation between the physical property or quantity, and the first and/or second gas property factors and the thermal conductivity.

A method for determining physical properties of combustion including: flowing a gas a critical nozzle and past a microthermal sensor wherein the mass flow of the gas through the critical nozzle is the same as the mass flow through the microthermal sensor; measuring the pressure drop in a reservoir of gas flowing to the nozzle; determining a first gas property factor based on the measured pressure drop; determining a second gas property factor based on a flow signal generated by the microthermal sensor; determining a thermal conductivity of the gas using the microthermal sensor; and determining a physical property of the combustion based on a correlation of the first and/or second gas property factors and the thermal conductivity.

Food processing monitoring systems and method thereof are provided. A method includes obtaining first temperature data from a first temperature sensor at an inlet of a food processing machine; obtaining second temperature data from a second temperature sensor at an outlet of the food processing machine; obtaining current data from a current sensor that is configured to measure current of a motor of the food processing machine; determining presence of food product at the inlet based on a peak current, of the current data at a time the motor starts, being greater than a first current threshold; and logging a temperature of the first temperature data based on the peak current being greater than the first current threshold.

A system, comprising at least one source for irradiating electromagnetic radiation into a sample fluid and a reference fluid resulting in a change in a temperature of the sample fluid and a change in a temperature of the reference fluid, and a processing subsystem that monitors and determines a concentration of a gas of interest dissolved in the sample fluid based upon a difference between the change in the temperature of the sample fluid and the change in the temperature of the reference fluid, wherein the reference fluid does not contain the gas of interest, and the electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength range corresponding to a spectral absorption range of the gas of interest.

Provided are a method and a system, for measuring thermal conductivity of tissue. A method of measuring thermal conductivity of tissue by using a device including a heating device and a temperature sensor includes applying a first heat flow including constant heat flow to the tissue, generating first temperature data by sensing a temperature change in the tissue as the first heat flow is applied thereto, applying a second heat flow including a sinusoidal heating method to the tissue, generating second temperature data by sensing a temperature change in the tissue as the second heat flow is applied thereto, and based on the first temperature data and the second temperature data, deriving inherent thermal conductivity of the tissue by considering heat transfer due to blood perfusion within the tissue.